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Công thức tính công suất tiêu thụ của mạch điện xoay chiều không phân nhánh - Ôn Thi Tốt

Công thức tính công suất tiêu thụ của mạch điện xoay chiều không phân nhánh

Trong chương trình ôn thi đại học thì các bài toán về tính công suất của mạch điện xoay chiều không phân nhánh là 1 trong những dạng bài toán tổng hợp nhiều kiến thức. Website onthitot.com cùng các bạn ôn lại công thức tính công suất tiêu thụ để có thể giải nhanh những bài toán này nhé

I/ Công thức tính công suất tiêu thụ mạch điện xoay chiều không phân nhánh

  • Công suất tức thời: P = UIcosφ + UIcos(2ωt + φ)
  • Công suất trung bình: P = UIcosφ = RI2.
  • Công suất tiêu thụ của mạch điện xoay chiều:  P = UIcosφ
  • Hệ số công suất:Cosφ = R / Z ( Cosφ có giá trị từ 0 đến 1)

II/ Bài tập

1/ Bài tập trắc nghiệm áp dụng công thức tính công suất tiêu thụ

Bài 1: Cho hiệu điện thế giữa 2 đầu đoạn mạch là : UAB = 10√2 cos(100πt − π/4) (V) và cường độ dòng điện chạy qua mạch là : I = 3√2cos(100πt + π/12) (A) . Hãy tính công suất tiêu thụ của đoạn mạch ?

  1. P = 180 W
  2. P = 120 W
  3. P = 100 W
  4. P = 150 W

Bài 2: Một đoạn mạch RLC được mắc nối tiếp vào 1 hiệu điện thế U = 220cos√2.t (V). Khi w ta có công suất tiêu thụ của đoạn mạch đạt cực đại là 484 W. Tính điện trở thuần khi đó

  1. R = 150 Ω
  2. R = 750 Ω
  3. R = 50 Ω
  4. R = 100 Ω

Bài 3: Một đoạn mạch gồm 1 cuộn dây mắc nối tiếp với 1 tụ điện, mắc vào 1 hiệu điện thế tức thời U = 150√2 cos100πt (V). Cho biết hiệu điện thế hiệu dụng là: URL = 200 (V) và hiệu điện thế giữa 2 đầu tụ là 250 (V). Tính hệ số công suất của mạch

  1. 0,866
  2. 0,707
  3. 0,8
  4. 0,6

Bài 4: Cho một đoạn mạch xoay chiều RLC không phân nhánh, mạch có R = 50 Ω. Đặt vào 2 đầu đoạn mạch 1 điện áp xoay chiều là U = 150 (V) khi đó I hợp với U một góc là 60o. Tính công suất tiêu thụ của đoạn mạch

  1. 144 W
  2. 288 W
  3. 72 W
  4. 36 W

Bài 5: Cho 1 đoạn mạch có hiệu điện thế giữa 2 đầu đoạn mạch U = 100 cos(w t + π/6) có điện trở thuần. Cuộn cảm và tụ điện được mắc nối tiếp nhau, cường độ dòng điện chạy qua mạch là I = 2 cos(w t + π/3). Tính công suất tiêu thụ của đoạn mạch.

  1. 100 W
  2. 50 W
  3. 50√3 W
  4. 100√3W

2/ Bài tập tự giải

 Bài 1: Cho 1 đoạn mạch có hiệu điện thế giữa 2 đầu đoạn mạch là U = 160√2 cos(100πt + π/6) và cường độ dòng điện khi đó chạy qua mạch là : I = 2√2cos(100πt – π/6) (A) . Hãy tính công suất tiêu thụ của đoạn mạch ?

Bài 2: Cho 1 mạch điện như hình vẽ:

Cho biết L = H / π, C = 2.10-4.F / π ,  UAB  =  200cos100πt (V).

Hỏi R phải có giá trị là bao nhiêu thì công suất toả nhiệt trên R lớn nhất ? Hãy tính công suất đó.

Bài 3: Cho 1 đoạn mạch RLC đươc mắc nối tiếp gồm: 1 cuộn dây thuần cảm kháng có độ tự cảm là L= H / π, 1 tụ điện có điện dung là C = 2.10-4.F / π, R là 1 điện trở thuần và thay đổi được. Đặt vào đoạn mạch 1 hiệu điện thế xoay chiều ổn định ở 2 đầu của đoạn mạch AB có biểu thức: UAB = 200cos100πt (V). Hãy xác định R để mạch tiêu thụ có công suất là 80W.

Bài 4: 1 đoạn mạch có điện trở R = 30 Ω được mắc nối tiếp với 1 cuộn dây có điện trở là R0 = 10 Ω và độ tự cảm là L= 0,3H / π, Đặt vào 2 đầu đoạn mạch 1 điện áp là U = 100√2cos100πt. Tính công suất tiêu thụ của cuộn dây.

 

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