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Ôn thi THPT Quốc Gia Môn Tiếng Anh về Reported speech - Ôn Thi Tốt

Ôn thi THPT Quốc Gia Môn Tiếng Anh về Reported speech

Cô Giáo Tạ Thị Thanh Hiền sẽ hướng dẫn các em học sinh ôn thi THPT Quốc Gia Môn Tiếng Anh bài giảng về Reported speech

Những thay đổi trong lời nói trực tiếp và gián tiếp:

a) Đổi thì của câu:
Thông thường trên lớp học và trong sách các bạn sẽ được dạy là thì gì thì phải giảm thành thì gì, ví dụ như thì hiện tại sẽ giảm thành thì quá khứ …. Tuy nhiên cách này có hạn chế là phải học thuộc công thức thì gì sẽ giảm thành thì gì, chưa kể khi gặp các câu không biết gọi là thì gì thì các bạn sẽ bối rối. Sau đây mình sẽ mách cho các bạn cách giảm thì theo một công thức duy nhất, không cần biết tên thì.
=> Giảm thì là lấy động từ gần chủ từ nhất giảm xuống 1 cột. Ví dụ cột 1 thì giảm thành cột 2, ( không phải là động từ bất qui tắc thì thêm ed ), cột 2 thì giảm thành cột 3 (riêng cột 3 không đứng 1 mình được nên phải thêm had phía trước ).
E.g:
-She is => she was
-She goes => she went (cột 2 của go là went)
-She went => she had gone (vì gone là cột 3 nên phải thêm had vào phía trước gone)
-She will be => she would be (chỉ cần lấy 1 động từ gần chủ từ nhất là will để giảm thì chứ không lấy be)

Lưu ý:
Các trường hợp sau đây không lùi thì:
– Chân lý, sự thật.
– Trong câu có năm xác định.
– Động từ quá khứ trong mệnh đề when.
– Thì quá khứ hoàn thành.
– Câu thuộc cấu trúc đã giảm thì rồi ( Sau: as if, as though, if only, wish, it’s high time, would rather, câu điều kiện loại 2, 3 )

b) Thay đổi đại từ:
TÔI đổi thành NGƯỜI NÓI
BẠN đổi thành NGƯỜI NGHE
TÔI ở đây các bạn phải hiểu là bao gồm tất cả các đại từ nào mà dịch ra tiếng việt có chữ TÔI trong đó, bao gồm : I : tôi (chủ từ), my : của tôi, me : tôi (túc từ). Tương tự chữ BẠN cũng vậy, bao gồm : you : bạn (chủ từ), your : của bạn, you : bạn (túc từ).
Lưu ý là khi đổi thành người nghe hay người nói thì các bạn phải dùng đại từ chứ không lặp lại tên hay danh từ nhé.
E.g:
My mother said to me “ I will give you a present.”
I : tôi => người nói: my mother nhưng không để vậy mà phải đổi thành đại từ, vì mẹ tôi là phụ nữ – chủ từ nên đổi thành she
You : bạn => người nghe : me
Cuối cùng ta có :
My mother said to me she would give me a present.
Các bạn xem bảng đại từ nhé (hình ảnh được đính kèm)

c) Các thay đổi ở trạng từ không gian và thời gian:
This ——-> That
That ——-> That
These ——-> Those
Here ——-> There
Now ——-> Then
Today ——-> That day
Ago ——-> Before
Tomorrow ——-> The nextday / the following day
The day after tomorrow——-> In two day’s time / two days after
Yesterday ——-> The day before / the previous day
The day before yesterday——-> Two day before
Next week ——-> The following week
Last week ——-> The previous week / the week before
Last year ——-> The previous year / the year before

2. Câu hỏi trong lời nói gián tiếp:

a) Câu hỏi bắt đầu với các trợ động từ:
Ta thêm If/ whether.
E.g:
– Trực tiếp: “Does John understand music?” he asked.
– Gián tiếp: He asked if/whether John understood music.

b) Câu hỏi bắt đầu who, whom, what,which, where, when, why, how:
Các từ để hỏi trên sẽ được giữ nguyên trong câu gián tiếp:
E.g:
Trực tiếp: “What is your name?” he asked.
Gián tiếp: He asked me what my name was.

c) Các dạng câu đặc biệt trong lời nói gián tiếp:
+ “Shall/ would” dùng để diễn tả đề nghị, lời mời:
E.g:
Trực tiếp: “Shall I bring you some tea?” he asked.
Gián tiếp: He offered tobring me some tea.
Trực tiếp: “Shall we meet at the theatre?” he asked.
Gián tiếp: He suggested meeting at the theatre.

+ “Will/ would” dùng để diễn tả sự yêu cầu:
E.g:
Trực tiếp: Will you help me, please?
Gián tiếp: He ashed me to help him.
Trực tiếp: Will you lend me your dictionary?
Gián tiếp: He asked me to lend him my dictionary.

+ Câu mệnh lệnh và câu yêu cầu trong lời nói gián tiếp.
E.g:
Trực tiếp: Go away!
Gián tiếp: He told me/ the boys to go away.
Trực tiếp: Listen to me, please.
Gián tiếp: He asked me to listen to him.

+ Câu cảm thán trong lời nói gián tiếp.
E.g:
Trực tiếp: What a lovely dress!
Tuỳ theo xúc cảm và hình thức diễn đạt, chúng ta có thể dùng nhiều hình thức khác nhau như sau:
Gián tiếp:
She exclaimed with delight that it was a lovely dress.
She exclaimed that the dress was lovely.
She exclaimed with admiration at the sight of the dress.

+ Các hình thức hỗn hợp trong lời nói gián tiếp.
Lời nói trực tiếp có thể bao gồm nhiều hình thức hỗn hợp: câu khẳng định, câu hỏi, câu mệnh lệnh, câu cảm thán:
E.g:
Trực tiếp: She said,”can you play the piano?” and I said “no”
Gián tiếp: She asked me if I could play the piano and I said that I could not.

**Các trường hợp khác:
* Những động từ sau có thể được dùng thay cho Say (that)

Agree / refuse (từ chối) / offer (đề nghị) /promise (hứa)/ threaten (đe dọa) + to Vo
E.g:
Ann: Would you wait half an hour.
Tom: All right => Tom agreed to wait. (Tom said he would wait)
Ann: Would you lend me another £50?
Tom: No, I won’t lend you any more money. => Tom refused to lend her any more money.
Ann: I’ll help you if you like, Tom. => Ann offered to help Tom.
Tom: I’ll pay you back next week. => Tom promised to pay her back the following week.
Kidnapper: If you don’t give me money, I’ll kill your daughter. => The kidnapper threatened to kill his daughter if he didn’t give him money.

Accused…of (kết tội)/ admit (thừa nhận)/ apologizefor / deny/ insist on + Ving
E.g:
Ann: “You took the money” => He accused me of taking the money.
Tom: “I stole it” => Tom admitted stealing it.
“I didn’t steal it” => Tom denied stealing it.
Ann: “I’m sorry I’m late” => Ann apologized for being late.
Tom: “ Let me pay for myself. => Tom insisted on paying.

* Những động từ khác
– “Would you like to come round for a drink?” => He invited me to come roundfor a drink.
– “Would you like some coffee?” => He offered me some coffee.
– “Must you go so soon?” => She asked him if he had to go so soon.

* Những động từ dùng trong câu mệnh lệnh:
Advise, ask, beg (van xin),command (ra lệnh), encourage (khuyến khích), forbid (cấm), invite, order (ra lệnh), recommend, remind (nhắc nhở), request (yêu cầu), tell, urge (giục), warn (cảnh báo)
E.g:
– “You had better hurry, Bill!” => She advised Bill to hurry.
– “If I were you, I’d stop smoking” => She advised him to stop smoking.
– “Why don’t you take off your coat?” => He advised me to take off my coat.
– “Please don’t take any risks” => His wife begged him not to take any risk.
– “Don’t forget to order the wine” => He reminded his wife to order the wine.
– “Try again” => She encouraged me to try again.
– “ Go on, apply for the job” => He urged/ encouraged me to apply for the job.
– “You had better not drink too much wine. => She warned me not to drink too much.
– “ Let’s go to the cinema” => He suggested going to the cinema.
– “ Let the boys clear up this mess” => She said that the boys were to clear up the mess.

* Câu cảm thán và Yes / No
– “ What a dreadful idea!” or “ How dreadful” => He exclaimed that it was a dreadful idea.
– “Good!” he exclaimed => He gave an exclaimation of pleasure/ satisfaction.
– “Thank you!” => He thanked me.
– “ Good luck!” => He wished me luck.
– “Happy Christmas!” => He wished me a happy Christmas.
– “Congratulation!” => He congratulated me.
– “Liar!” => He called me a liar.
– “Dawn!” => He swore.

cach-su-dung-passive-voie

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