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Video ôn thi THPT Quốc gia: Cách dùng câu đảo ngữ Inversion trong tiếng Anh - Ôn Thi Tốt

Video ôn thi THPT Quốc gia: Cách dùng câu đảo ngữ Inversion trong tiếng Anh

I. INVERSION (Đảo ngữ) – Công thức đảo ngữ

1/ Định nghĩa “Đảo ngữ” là gì?

Đảo ngữ là hình thức đảo ngược vị trí thông thường của chủ từ và động từ trong một câu.
Vd: I had never seen so many people in one room. (= trật tự từ thông thường)
Never had I seen so many people in one room. (= đảo ngữ)
2/ Khi nào chúng ta sử dụng đảo ngữ:
Đảo ngữ được dùng để nhấn mạnh một thành phần hay ý nào đó trong câu.
Vậy có bao nhiêu loại đảo ngữ:
a/ Đảo ngữ trong câu hỏi:
Câu tường thuật: She is the General Director.
She has seen the Grand Canyon.
Câu hỏi: Is she the General Director?
Has she seen the Grand Canyon?

cach-dung-cau-dao-ngu-inverson-trong-tieng-anh
b/ Đảo ngữ trong câu bắt đầu bằng cụm từ (từ) tiêu cực hoặc nửa tiêu cực sau:
never,rarely,seldom,hardly ever,hardly,scarcely,scarcely … in no way,at no time,not once, not often,not only … but … as well,not only … but also,no sooner … than,not until,on no account,nowhere,nor,under no circumstances
Ví dụ: Mary not only works at the post office but she also works at the grocery store.
-> Not only does Mary work at the post office but she also works at the grocery store.
Max never bought another motorcycle again.
-> Never again did Max buy another motorcycle.
You are under no circumstances to leave the house tonight
-> Under no circumstances are you to leave the house tonight
Lưu ý: đảo ngữ chỉ dùng ở vế đầu của câu mà thôi
Ví dụ: No sooner had he opened the letter than did the phone ring. (sai)
No sooner had he opened the letter than the phone rang. (đúng)
c/ Đảo ngữ trong câu bắt đầu cụm giới từ chỉ nơi chốn:
Ví dụ: Austin, Texas, lies at the edge of the Hill County.
-> At the edge of the Hill County lies Austin, Texas.
d/ Đảo ngữ trong câu điều kiện:
Các chữ: HAD trong câu ĐK loại 3, chữ WERE, trong loại 2, chữ SHOULD trong loại 1 có thể đem ra trước chủ từ thế cho IF
Công thức:
* If I were you, I would ….
= Were I you , I would….
* If I had gone to school……
= Had I gone to school…
* If I should go….
= Should I go…..
Ví dụ: If I had gone to the post office, I would have bought some stamps.
-> Had I gone to the post office, I would have bought some stamps.
If it had not been for your help, I wouldn’t have succeeded.
–> Had it not been for your help, I wouldn’t have succeeded.
If you should meet her, please ask her to call me at once.
-> Should you meet her, please ask her to call me at once.
If I were you, I would not do such a rude thing.
-> Were I you, I would not do such a rude thing.
e/ Đảo ngữ trong câu bắt đầu bằng “so” trong cấu trúc ” So…that ” và “such” trong cấu trúc “such…that”
Ví dụ: She is so beautiful that everyone turns to look at her.
-> So beautiful is she that every one turns to look at her.
He drove so carelessly that his car crashed into a tree.
-> So carelessly did he drive that his car crashed into a tree.
The doctor was so angry that he went away.
-> So angry was the doctor that he went away.
There was such a noise that I couldn’t work
Such a noise was there that I couldn’t work
f/ Đảo ngữ trong cấu trúc với “so ” và “neither”:
Ví dụ: He likes tea and I do too.
-> He likes tea and so do I.
He isn’t a student and she is not either.
-> He isn’t a student and neither is she.
“So” được dùng trong câu khẳng định và “neither ” trong câu phủ định.
“So” và “too” có cùng ý nghĩa, nhưng chỉ “so ” cần phải đảo ngữ.
“Neither” và “not either ” có cùng ý nghĩa trong câu nhưng chỉ ” neither” cần đảo ngữ.
h/ Đảo ngữ trong câu bắt đầu bằng “Only”
Ví dụ: Only when all attempts at the negotiation had failed did the men decide to go on strike.
Only in central Vietnam have I seen such scenery like that.
Nếu “only ” bổ ngữ cho chủ từ, thì trong câu không có đảo ngữ. Ví dụ như:
Only he can speak English. [không có đảo ngữ]
Only the special members can enter the club on Sundays. [không có đảo ngữ]
g/ Đảo ngữ trong câu bắt đầu với “here” và “there”
Here are your keys.
There goes the train!
Here comes George!
Lưu ý: Trong cách này chủ ngữ phải là danh từ thì mới đảo ngữ được, đại từ không đảo ngữ
Ví dụ:
Here came the bus
Nhưng chủ từ là đại từ thì không được
Here it came (không đảo came ra trước )
There he is! (không đảo “to be” ra trước)
Here she arrives! (không đảo “arrive” ra trước)
i/ Đảo ngữ trong câu bắt đầu bằng vị ngữ:
Darkening is the sky.
Present at the meeting were the President, the Prime Minister and all Members of the Cabinet.
j/ Đảo ngữ trong câu bắt đầu bằng phó từ hoặc cụm phó từ.
Twice within my lifetime have world wars taken place.
Near the church was an old ruined cottage.
k/ Đảo ngữ với “much”, “many”, “many a time” và tính từ
Ví dụ:
He read many books yesterday.
Many books did he read yesterday ( đảo “many” ra đầu )
The trees are beautiful in their colors.
Beautiful are the trees in their colors (đảo tính từ ra đầu)
The days when we lived in poverty are gone .( “gone” là tính từ)
Gone are the days when we lived in poverty. ( đảo “gone” ra đầu)
He has helped me with my experiment many a time.
Many a time has he helped me with my experiment. (đảo “many a time” ra đầu)

II. Một số cách dùng câu đảo ngữ (the inversion) mà bạn hay gặp

Ở bài trước, các bạn đã biết được một số câu đảo rngữ thường gặp. Trong bài này,để giúp bạn hiểu rõ hơn về câu đảo ngữ, trung tâm Anh ngữ Oxford English UK Vietnam sẽ đưa ra một số cách dùng câu đảo ngữ như sau:
cau-dao-ngu-the-inversion
ĐẢO TOÀN BỘ
1. Trong câu với “There be …….”, “be” có lúc có thể đổi thành “ live , lie, stand” với ý chỉ trạng thái .
There is a boat in the river.
There stands a temple on the top of the hill.
2. Dùng trong các câu mở đầu bằng các phó từ “here, there, now, then, in, out, down, up, back, over ,away, off”.Trường hợp này chủ ngữ là đại từ thì không đảo .
Now comes my turn.
Here is a letter for you.
Then followed three days of heavy rain.
In came the teacher, and the lesson began.
Off went the horses.
Up went the arrow into the air.
Away they went.
3. Kết cấu giới từ chỉ nơi chốn đưa lên đầu câu để nhấn mạnh
In the front of the lecture hall sat the speaker.
On the ground lay an old sick goat, which had gone into the cave to die.
4. Dùng trong câu nhấn mạnh bổ ngữ. Bổ ngữ đưa lên trước không chỉ để nhấn mạnh mà còn làm cho cấu trúc câu cân đối hơn
Such was the story he told me.
Gone are the days when we had nothing to eat.
5. Dùng trong câu có dẫn lời nói trực tiếp
“ You have made great progress this term.” said our teacher.
“Mr.Crossett,”said my father,”will you permit an old pupil to shake hands with you?”
“Why didn’t you join us!” asked our monitor .
ĐẢO BỘ PHẬN
1.Trong câu có các mệnh đề với “as, though, no matter how, however” . Thường đưa : n/adj./verb/adv lên trước .
Child as he is, she knows a great deal.
Youngest as he is , he studies best in our class.
However tired he is, he continues to work.
Again as he tired, he failed.
Hard as he works, he makes little progress.
Try as he does, she will never pass it.
Search as they would, they could find no sign.
Much as he likes the girl, he quarrels with her sometimes.
Young though he is, he has won the Nobel Prize.
2.Trong câu điều kiện lược “if ” đưa “were, had, should” lên đầu câu .
Were you a fish, the cat would eat you.
Had your father known this, he would have given you advice.
3.Câu mở đầu bằng các từ ngữ sau “not, never, hardly, not only…but also, neither…nor, seldom, little, rarely, scarcely, nowhere, by no means, in no time, hardly/ scarcely….when, no sooner…than, not until,”
Never have I met him.
Hardly did I think it possible.
Not until midnight, did it stop raining.
Not until she took off the glasses did I recognize her
Scarcely had I got home, when it began to rain.
No sooner had he left home than it began to rain.
Not only does he like, but also he learns it well.
Not only I but also she likes English .
Neither has he called on her, nor will he do so.
4 .Nhóm câu mở đầu bằng các từ và cụm từ sau “often, always, once, many a time ,now and then, every other day”
Often do I tell her about my life here.
Many a time has he helped me with my experiment.
5. Câu mở đầu bằng “Only” và bộ phận trạng ngữ mà nó kết hợp .
Only in this way, can you learn English well.
Note :“0nly”ở đầu câu ,nhưng nó bổ nghĩa cho chủ ngữ hoặc tân ngữ thì không đảo .
Only the teachers are allowed to use the room.
Only him we could find in the room just now.
6. Trong câu hỏi
What did the two cheats pretend to be doing?
What do you think the two cheats pretended to be doing?(chú ý)
What makes you so angry? (chú ý)
7.Cách nói lặp lại ý ,dùng “so, nor, neither”
He has finished his work, so have I.
You can’t do it, nor can I.
Note :
– Nếu chủ ngữ là giống nhau , phía sau diễn tả ý “đúng thế” “đúng là như vậy” thì không đảo .
It is fine today, so it is.
– Phía trước phức tạp : Các chủ ngữ khác nhau – Có hai câu trở lên – vừa có khẳng định vừa có phủ định thì dùng cách nói sau :so it is/was with sb.//It is /was the same with sb//The same goes for sb .
Her mother is a doctor and works in the People’s Hospital. So it is with mine.
8. Câu chúc mở đầu bằng “may”
May you have a good journey!
May you succeed!
9. Câu mở đầu bằng “so/such…that” chỉ mức độ
So loudly did he speak that all of us could hear him clearly.
So angry was he that he couldn’t speak.
Such a noise was there that I couldn’t work
Mời các bạn xem video Giảng dạy Cách dùng câu Đảo ngữ Inversion trong Tiếng Anh

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