\u0110\u1ec3 c\u00e1c em h\u1ecdc sinh l\u1edbp 12 thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1c b\u00e0i to\u00e1n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00f3m R\u01b0\u1ee3u, sau \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch chi ti\u1ebft v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ancol – phenol<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 c\u00f3 nh\u00f3m ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 li\u00ean h\u1ec7 r\u1ea5t m\u1eadt thi\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau. V\u00ec v\u1eady \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eafm r\u00f5 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t: este, amin, amino axit ta c\u1ea7n review l\u1ea1i 1 s\u1ed1 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a l\u1edbp 11: ancol, andehit, axit cacboxylic …<\/p>\n

I.T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ancol – phenol<\/h3>\n

* Ancol<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n
1. T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t V\u1eadt l\u00fd.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

   – Ancol c\u00f3 2 lo\u1ea1i li\u00ean k\u1ebft H:<\/p>\n

   + Li\u00ean k\u1ebft H li\u00ean ph\u00e2n t\u1eed, l\u00e0m cho nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00f4i c\u1ee7a ancol cao h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ea5t kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0: hidrocacbon, andehit, xetol, ete<\/p>\n

   + Li\u00ean k\u1ebft H v\u1edbi n\u01b0\u1edbc: n\u00ean ancol tan t\u1ed1t trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. (CH3OH v\u00e0 C2H5OH tan v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc)<\/p>\n

   – \u0110\u1ed9 r\u01b0\u1ee3u l\u00e0 % th\u1ec3 t\u00edch c\u1ee7a dung d\u1ecbch r\u01b0\u1ee3u (s\u1ed1 ml r\u01b0\u1ee3u nguy\u00ean ch\u1ea5t trong 100ml dung d\u1ecbch r\u01b0\u1ee3u)<\/p>\n

   \n
   1. T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      a. Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ebf H linh \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/em><\/p>\n

      – T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi kim lo\u1ea1i ki\u1ec1m gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng ra H2.<\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      * Ch\u00fa \u00fd: Ta nh\u1eadn th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n

      +<\/p>\n

      – T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi Cu(OH)2\u00a0v\u1edbi ancol \u0111a ch\u1ee9c c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u nh\u00f3m OH k\u1ec1 nhau.<\/p>\n

      + T\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh dung d\u1ecbch ph\u1ee9c ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 m\u00e0u xanh. D\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft ancol \u0111a ch\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      b. Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi axit v\u00f4 c\u01a1.<\/em><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      + C3H5(ONO2)3\u00a0\u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5.<\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      + L\u01b0u \u00fd VD3, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 thi \u0111\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc kho\u00e1i h\u1ecfi v\u1ec1 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n

      c. Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u00e1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1o anken.<\/em><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      – S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u1ee7a ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u00e1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1o anken tu\u00e2n theo quy t\u1eafc Zaisep.<\/p>\n

      + S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ch\u00ednh: OH t\u00e1ch c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi H c\u1ee7a C b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 b\u1eadc cao h\u01a1n (C c\u00f3 \u00edt H h\u01a1n).<\/p>\n

      + S\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m ph\u1ee5: OH t\u00e1ch c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi H c\u1ee7a C b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u00f3 b\u1eadc th\u1ea5p h\u01a1n (C c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u H h\u01a1n).<\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      * \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc 1 ancol thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 1 anken duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/em><\/p>\n

      – L\u00e0 ancol no \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ee9c, m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf CnH2n+1OH<\/p>\n

      + Ancol b\u1eadc 1<\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      + Ancol c\u00f3 tr\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1ee9ng \u0111i qua C-OH.<\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      + Ancol ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 1C c\u00f2n H c\u00f2n c\u00e1c C b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh kh\u00f4ng c\u00f2n H.<\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      * \u0110i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00e1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc 2 ancol thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 1 anken duy nh\u1ea5t.<\/em><\/p>\n

      – 1 ancol t\u00e1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc ra 1 anken duy nh\u1ea5t, 1 ancol kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

      + V\u00ed d\u1ee5 2 ancol CH3OH v\u00e0 C2H5OH. CH3OH kh\u00f4ng t\u00e1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc<\/p>\n

      – 2 ancol t\u00e1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed3ng ph\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nhau.<\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      d. Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng t\u00e1ch n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ea1o ete.<\/em><\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      * Ch\u00fa \u00fd: N\u1ebfu h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p g\u1ed3m n ancol \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ee9c th\u00ec c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra t\u1ed1i \u0111a\u00a0\u00a0ete<\/p>\n

      e. Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng oxi h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n.<\/em><\/p>\n

      – Nh\u1eefng ancol m\u00e0 C mang nh\u00f3m OH c\u00f2n H (Ancol b\u1eadc 1 ho\u1eb7c b\u1eadc 2) s\u1ebd b\u1ecb oxi h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n t\u1ea1o ra andehit ho\u1eb7c xeton.<\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      <\/p>\n

      * Phenol<\/strong><\/p>\n

      – Phenol l\u00e0 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 m\u00e0 c\u00f3 nh\u00f3m OH li\u00ean k\u1ebft tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi C th\u01a1m (ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t v\u1edbi ancol th\u01a1m: nh\u00f3m OH kh\u00f4ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u1edbi C th\u01a1m m\u00e0 li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi C ngo\u00e0i v\u00f2ng benzen).<\/p>\n

      \n
      1. T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t v\u1eadt \u00a0l\u00fd.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

         – \u1ede \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n th\u01b0\u1eddng, phenol l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn kh\u00f4ng m\u00e0u. \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e2u trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed phenol chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh m\u00e0u h\u1ed3ng do b\u1ecb oxi h\u00f3a ch\u1eadm trong kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed.<\/p>\n

         – Phenol \u00edt tan trong n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ea1nh nh\u01b0ng tan v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3ng.<\/p>\n

         – Phenol r\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c, khi d\u00e2y v\u00e0o tay n\u00f3 g\u00e2y b\u1ecfng da. N\u00ean khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u1ea7n c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

         \n
         1. T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc.<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            a. Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ebf H linh \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m OH.<\/em><\/p>\n

            – T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi kim lo\u1ea1i ki\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

            <\/p>\n

            <\/p>\n

            <\/p>\n

            b. T\u00ednh axit c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m OH trong phenol.<\/em><\/p>\n

            – T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch ki\u1ec1m.<\/p>\n

            <\/p>\n

            – T\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi axit:\u00a0T\u00ednh axit c\u1ee7a phenol r\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu, y\u1ebfu h\u01a1n c\u1ea3 H2CO3\u00a0(m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n HCO3-)<\/p>\n

            <\/p>\n

            <\/p>\n

            c. Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng th\u1ebf tr\u00ean nh\u00e2n th\u01a1m.<\/em><\/p>\n

            <\/p>\n

            <\/p>\n

            – 2,4,6 tri brom phenol: l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn, m\u00e0u tr\u1eafng, kh\u00f4ng tan.<\/p>\n

            – 2,4,6 tri nitro phenol (axit picric): l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t r\u1eafn, kh\u00f4ng tan, m\u00e0u v\u00e0ng. \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5, thu\u1ed1c th\u1eed.<\/p>\n

            – Ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng n\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a axit picric:<\/p>\n

            <\/p>\n

            II. T\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ancol – phenol trong \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf<\/h3>\n

            \n
            1. \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf ancol:<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

               * Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chung:<\/p>\n

               – Th\u1ee7y ph\u00e2n d\u1eabn xu\u1ea5t Halogen<\/p>\n

               <\/p>\n

               – C\u1ed9ng H2O v\u00e0o anken<\/p>\n

               <\/p>\n

               – Hidro h\u00f3a andehit ho\u1eb7c xeton<\/p>\n

               <\/p>\n

               * Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p ri\u00eang:<\/p>\n

               – \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi C2H5OH: l\u00ean men tinh b\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n

               <\/p>\n

               – \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi CH3OH: oxi h\u00f3a t\u1eeb CH4<\/p>\n

               + C\u00e1ch 1:<\/p>\n

               <\/p>\n

               + C\u00e1ch 2:<\/p>\n

               <\/p>\n

               – \u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi Etylen glicol: C2H4(OH)2\u00a0t\u1eeb C2H4<\/p>\n

               <\/p>\n

               \n
               1. \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf\u00a0phenol<\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
                  \n
                  • \u0110i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf:<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    – Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n: ch\u01b0ng c\u1ea5t nh\u1ef1a than \u0111\u00e1 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf benzen, sau \u0111\u00f3 th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n theo chu\u1ed7i ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng b\u00ean d\u01b0\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

                    <\/p>\n

                    – Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i: \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ebf t\u1eeb cumen (iso propylbenzen).<\/p>\n

                    \n
                    • \u1ee8ng d\u1ee5ng<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      – S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nh\u1ef1a phenol-fomandehit: l\u00e0m \u0111\u1ed3 d\u00e2n d\u1ee5ng<\/p>\n

                      – S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t keo d\u00e1n ure-fomandehit: d\u00e1n g\u1ed7, kim lo\u1ea1i, s\u00e0nh s\u1ee9.<\/p>\n

                      – S\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t ph\u1ea9m nhu\u1ed9m, thu\u1ed1c n\u1ed5, ch\u1ea5t di\u1ec7t c\u1ecf, di\u1ec7t n\u1ea5m m\u1ed1c.<\/p>\n

                      \u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t c\u00e1c b\u00e0i to\u00e1n h\u00f3a c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm ch\u1eafc ph\u1ea7n l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft. C\u00e1c b\u00e0i to\u00e1n v\u1ec1 Ancol – phenol c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ngo\u1ea1i l\u1ec7.N\u1eafm ch\u1eafc t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ancol – phenol gi\u00fap c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ecfi b\u1ee1 ng\u1ee1 khi g\u1eb7p d\u1ea1ng to\u00e1n v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                      \u0110\u1ec3 c\u00e1c em h\u1ecdc sinh l\u1edbp 12 thu\u1eadn l\u1ee3i trong vi\u1ec7c gi\u1ea3i c\u00e1c b\u00e0i to\u00e1n li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u00f3m R\u01b0\u1ee3u, sau \u0111\u00e2y ch\u00fang t\u00f4i xin gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u b\u00e0i vi\u1ebft gi\u1ea3i… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[471,450],"tags":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/onthitot.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10090"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/onthitot.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/onthitot.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/onthitot.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/onthitot.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10090"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/onthitot.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10090\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/onthitot.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10090"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/onthitot.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10090"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/onthitot.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10090"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}