Khi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea7n tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 3 nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc:<\/p>\n

Khoa h\u1ecdc:<\/strong> Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c (d\u1ef1a tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc)<\/p>\n

Tr\u1ef1c quan: Bi\u1ec3u<\/strong> \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp ph\u1ea3i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, d\u1ec5 \u0111\u1ecdc (ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 nh\u00ecn v\u00e0o bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc bi\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00fd \u0111\u1ed3 c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 n\u1ed9i dung m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp mu\u1ed1n truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t).<\/p>\n

Th\u1ea9m m\u0129:<\/strong> Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1eb9p, h\u00e0i h\u00f2a trong c\u00e1ch th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh tr\u1ef1c quan v\u00e0 th\u1ea9m m\u0129, khi v\u1ebd bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3. C\u00e1c k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u n\u00e0y th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c c\u00e1ch: G\u1ea1ch n\u1ec1n: (g\u1ea1ch d\u1ecdc, ngang, ch\u00e9o, \u00f4 vu\u00f4ng); D\u00f9ng c\u00e1c \u01b0\u1edbc hi\u1ec7u to\u00e1n h\u1ecdc: (d\u1ea5u c\u1ed9ng, tr\u1eeb, nh\u00e2n).<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm v\u1eefng c\u00e1c qui tr\u00ecnh chung sau:<\/p>\n

K\u0129 n\u0103ng l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t<\/strong><\/h3>\n

K\u0129 n\u0103ng t\u00ednh to\u00e1n x\u1eed l\u00ed c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0: T\u00ednh t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u (%); T\u00ednh t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 v\u1ec1 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n; Quy \u0111\u1ed5i t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 ph\u1ea7n % ra \u0111\u1ed9, g\u00f3c h\u00ecnh qu\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng tr\u00f2n; T\u00ednh b\u00e1n k\u00ednh c\u00e1c v\u00f2ng tr\u00f2n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i kh\u00e1c nhau.<\/p>\n

K\u0129 n\u0103ng v\u1ebd bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3: (v\u1ebd ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c, nhanh, \u0111\u1eb9p, \u0111\u00fang quy tr\u00ecnh quy t\u1eafc v\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 c\u00e1c ti\u00eau ch\u00ed \u0111\u00e1nh gi\u00e1)\u2026<\/p>\n

K\u0129 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3.<\/strong><\/h3>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c k\u0129 n\u0103ng tr\u00ean, ch\u00fang ta kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u v\u1ec1 l\u00ed thuy\u1ebft m\u00e0 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh nhi\u1ec1u. \u0110i\u1ec1u c\u1ea7n n\u00f3i th\u00eam l\u00e0, h\u1ecdc s\u00ecnh th\u01b0\u1eddng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0m c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh v\u1ebd bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 trong gi\u1edd ki\u1ec3m tra hay gi\u1edd thi v\u1edbi qu\u1ef9 th\u1eddi gian r\u1ea5t ng\u1eafn. V\u00ec th\u1ebf, ch\u1ec9 khi luy\u1ec7n t\u1eadp th\u00e0nh k\u0129 n\u0103ng m\u1edbi th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1t y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a b\u00e0i th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh v\u1ec1 v\u1ebd bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 3 th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n: L\u1eddi d\u1eabn (\u0111\u1eb7t v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1); B\u1ea3ng s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea (t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 % hay tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i) v\u00e0 danh s\u1ed1 (tri\u1ec7u ha, tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n, t\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ed3ng\u2026 n\u0103m..); L\u1eddi k\u1ebft n\u00eau y\u00eau c\u1ea7u c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m.<\/p>\n

Khi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi b\u00e0i t\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3, ch\u00fang ta c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u khai th\u00e1c t\u1eebng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi th\u1ef1c h\u00e0nh v\u1ec1 bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c l\u1eddi d\u1eabn theo 3 d\u1ea1ng sau:<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u1eddi d\u1eabn ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh: X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ngay lo\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ea7n v\u1ebd<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong> \u201cH\u00e3y v\u1ebd bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ta n\u0103m 2000 theo s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u sau.. \u201d<\/p>\n

L\u1ee3i d\u1eabn \u201c m\u1edf\u201d: C\u00f3 g\u1ee3i \u00fd ng\u1ea7m v\u1ebd m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong> \u201c V\u1ebd bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p \u1edf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta ph\u00e2n theo c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng kinh t\u1ebf n\u0103m 2000…<\/p>\n

L\u1eddi d\u1eabn \u201c k\u00edn\u201d: kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t g\u1ee3i \u00fd n\u00e0o.<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong>\u201c Cho b\u1ea3ng s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u sau… h\u00e3y v\u1ebd bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 r\u00fat ra nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t\u201d<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi l\u1eddi d\u1eabn \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh, ta v\u1ebd theo ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi l\u1eddi d\u1eabn \u201ck\u00edn\u201d, ta chuy\u1ec3n xu\u1ed1ng nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n sau c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi d\u1eabn \u201cm\u1edf\u201d, c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd b\u00e1m v\u00e0o m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u1eeb g\u1ee3i m\u1edf ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0:<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n. Th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 l\u1eddi d\u1eabn v\u1edbi c\u00e1c t\u1eeb g\u1ee3i m\u1edf nh\u01b0: \u201cT\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng\u201d, \u201cBi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng\u201d, \u201cPh\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n\u201d, qua c\u00e1c n\u0103m t\u1eeb\u2026 \u0111\u1ebfn\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong> V\u1ebd bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n t\u00ecnh h\u00ecnh ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n d\u00e2n s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ta\u2026<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00ecnh c\u1ed9t: Th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c t\u1eeb g\u1ee3i m\u1edf nh\u01b0 \u201ckh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d, \u201cs\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u201d, \u201cDi\u1ec7n t\u00edch\u201d, \u201ctrong n\u0103m \u2026v\u00e0 n\u0103m\u2026\u201d, \u201cqua c\u00e1c th\u1eddi k\u00ec\u201d.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong> V\u1ebd bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc ta\u2026<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u: Th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ee3i m\u1edf b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c t\u1eeb th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u nh\u01b0: \u201cc\u01a1 c\u1ea5u\u201d, \u201cPh\u00e2n theo\u2019, \u201cTrong \u0111\u00f3\u201d, \u201cBao g\u1ed3m\u201d, \u201cchia ra\u201d, \u201cchia theo\u201d.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5;<\/strong> V\u1ebd bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ng\u00e0nh s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ph\u00e2n theo\u2026<\/p>\n

Nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3<\/p>\n

Ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u l\u1eddi d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3, ta c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3ng s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3:<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0a ra d\u00e3y s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u (T\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 % hay s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i) ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n theo chu\u1ed7i th\u1eddi gian. Ta s\u1ebd ch\u1ecdn v\u1ebd bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu c\u00f3 d\u00e3y s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1ec1 quy m\u00f4, kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t hay nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng theo m\u1ed1t s\u1ed1 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m hay theo c\u00e1c th\u1eddi k\u00ec (Giai \u0111o\u1ea1n) ta s\u1ebd ch\u1ecdn v\u1ebd: Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00ecnh c\u1ed9t.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 2 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi 2 \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c nhau nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 h\u1eefu c\u01a1. V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Di\u1ec7n t\u00edch (ha) v\u00e0 s\u1ea3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng (t\u1ea5n) l\u00faa c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn qua m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i th\u1eddi gian ta s\u1ebd ch\u1ecdn v\u1ebd: Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p (c\u1ed9t v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng)<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu b\u1ea3ng s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 t\u1eeb 3 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u1edf l\u00ean v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00e1c nhau (nh\u01b0: \u201ct\u1ea5n\u201d, \u201cha\u201d, \u201cm\u00e9t\u201d\u2026) di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn qua th\u1eddi gian ta c\u1ea7n ch\u1ecdn v\u1ebd: Bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p g\u1eb7p b\u1ea3ng s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y theo d\u1ea1ng ph\u00e2n chia ra t\u1eebng th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ch\u1ecdn v\u1ebd lo\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u.<\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu, vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn lo\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ebd c\u1ea7n c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 trong b\u1ea3ng th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea.<\/p>\n

V\u1ebd bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n:<\/strong> Ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i ho\u1eb7c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ee7 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 m\u1edbi c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ee7 d\u1eef ki\u1ec7n t\u00ednh ra t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u (%)\u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ebd bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n.<\/p>\n

V\u1ebd bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ed9t ch\u1ed3ng:<\/strong> N\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t t\u1ed5ng th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 qu\u00e1 nhi\u1ec1u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n, ta kh\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n (v\u00ec c\u00e1c g\u00f3c h\u00ecnh qu\u1ea1t s\u1ebd qu\u00e1 h\u1eb9p), tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y chuy\u1ec3n sang ch\u1ecdn bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ed9t ch\u1ed3ng d\u1ebd th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

V\u1ebd bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 mi\u1ec1n:<\/strong> Khi tr\u00ean b\u1ea3ng s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u, c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u1ea3i qua tr\u00ean 3 th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m ta kh\u00f4ng v\u1ebd bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 h\u00ecnh tr\u00f2n m\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n sang v\u1ebd bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 mi\u1ec1n s\u1ebd h\u1ee3p l\u00ed h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n

C\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o y\u00eau c\u1ea7u trong l\u1eddi k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3.<\/p>\n

C\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p trong n\u1ed9i dung l\u1eddi k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi l\u1ea1i g\u1ee3i \u00fd y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u1ebd m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5: Sau khi n\u00eau l\u1eddi d\u1eabn v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0a ra b\u1ea3ng th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea, c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi ghi ti\u1ebfp: \u201cAnh ch\u1ecb h\u00e3y v\u1ebd bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 n\u00eau nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u t\u1ed5ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a s\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n d\u1ecbch c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u \u0111\u00f3\u201d.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd r\u1eb1ng: H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u lo\u1ea1i, trong m\u1ed7i lo\u1ea1i l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 d\u1ea1ng. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f9ng lo\u1ea1i, trong m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng thay th\u1ebf nhau; V\u00ec v\u1eady, mu\u1ed1n l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ea1ng bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p nh\u1ea5t ta c\u1ea7n hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 nh\u1eefng \u01b0u \u0111i\u1ec3m, h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng d\u1ea1ng bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3.<\/p>\n

R\u00e8n luy\u1ec7n k\u0129 n\u0103ng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t ph\u00e2n t\u00edch bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3<\/strong><\/h3>\n

Khi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3, c\u1ea7n c\u0103n c\u1ee9 v\u00e0o c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u \u1edf b\u1ea3ng th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u00e9t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3: kh\u00f4ng tho\u00e1t li kh\u1ecfi c\u00e1c d\u1eef ki\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u00eau trong s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t chung chung (c\u1ea7n c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u k\u00e8m theo c\u00e1c \u00fd nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t). Ph\u1ea7n n\u00eau nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ea7n d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c c\u00e1c b\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 vi\u1ebft cho \u0111\u00fang y\u00eau c\u1ea7u.<\/p>\n

C\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd:<\/strong><\/p>\n

\n
1. \u0110\u1ecdc k\u0129 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1eafm \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u v\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ea7n nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch.<\/li>\n
2. C\u1ea7n t\u00ecm ra m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 hay t\u00ednh quy lu\u1eadt n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
3. Kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecf x\u00f3t c\u00e1c d\u1eef li\u1ec7u c\u1ea7n ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch.<\/li>\n
4. Tr\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u00ean nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 t\u1ea7m kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t chung, sau \u0111\u00f3 m\u1edbi ph\u00e2n t\u00edch c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u00e0nh ph\u1ea7n.<\/li>\n
5. Ch\u00fa \u00fd t\u00ecm m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 so s\u00e1nh gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 theo c\u1ea3 h\u00e0ng ngang v\u00e0 h\u00e0ng d\u1ecdc n\u1ebfu c\u00f3.<\/li>\n
6. Ch\u00fa \u00fd nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u1ecf nh\u1ea5t (th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t), l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t v\u00e0 trung b\u00ecnh. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t ch\u00fa \u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh n\u00e9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng, c\u1ed9t th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn (t\u0103ng hay gi\u1ea3m nhanh).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

   C\u1ea7n c\u00f3 k\u0129 n\u0103ng t\u00ednh t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 (%) ho\u1eb7c t\u00ednh ra s\u1ed1 l\u1ea7n t\u0103ng hay gi\u1ea3m c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ee9ng minh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u00fd ki\u1ebfn nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t.<\/p>\n

   Ph\u1ea7n nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t ph\u00e2n t\u00edch th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 2 nh\u00f3m \u00fd.<\/strong><\/p>\n

   \n
   • Nh\u1eefng \u00fd nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t v\u1ec1 di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u.<\/li>\n
   • Gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c di\u1ec5n bi\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u00f3 (Ch\u00fa \u00fd c\u1ea7n d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o ki\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u0301c \u0111a\u0303 h\u1ecdc \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i th\u00edch)<\/li>\n
   • V\u1ec1 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ng\u00f4n t\u1eeb trong l\u1eddi nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t, ph\u00e2n t\u00edch bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3:<\/li>\n
   • Trong c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u m\u00e0 s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy th\u00e0nh c\u00e1c t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7% ta ph\u1ea3i d\u00f9ng t\u1eeb T\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng trong c\u01a1 c\u00e2\u0301u \u0111\u00ea\u0309 so s\u00e1nh nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

     V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/strong><\/p>\n

     Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 v\u1ec1 c\u01a1 c\u1ea5u gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh kinh t\u1ebf n\u01b0\u1edbc ta qua m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u0103m. Ta kh\u00f4ng ghi: Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ng\u00e0nh n\u00f4ng \u2013 l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1ea3m s\u00fat, m\u00e0 ghi: t\u1ef7 tr\u1ecdng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh n\u00f4ng \u2013 l\u00e2m nghi\u1ec7p c\u00f3 xu h\u01b0\u1edbng gi\u1ea3m.<\/p>\n

     C\u1ea7n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed5i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3:<\/p>\n

     V\u1ec1 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i t\u0103ng:<\/strong><\/h3>\n

     C\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u1eeb nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t theo t\u1eebng c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u01b0: \u201cT\u0103ng\u201d, \u201ct\u0103ng m\u1ea1nh\u201d, \u201ct\u0103ng nhanh\u201d, \u201ct\u0103ng \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn\u201d, \u201ct\u0103ng li\u00ean t\u1ee5c\u201d\u2026k\u00e8m theo c\u00e1c t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 bao gi\u1edd c\u0169ng c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 t\u0103ng bao nhi\u00eau (tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n, t\u1ef7 \u0111\u1ed3ng, tri\u1ec7u d\u00e2n\u2026) Ho\u1eb7c t\u0103ng bao nhi\u00eau ph\u1ea7n tr\u0103m? Hay bao nhi\u00eau l\u1ea7n?<\/p>\n

     V\u1ec1 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i gi\u1ea3m:<\/strong><\/h3>\n

     C\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb nh\u01b0: \u201cGi\u1ea3m\u201d, \u201cgi\u1ea3m \u00edt\u201d, \u201cgi\u1ea3m m\u1ea1nh\u201d, \u201cgi\u1ea3m nhanh\u201d, \u201cgi\u1ea3m ch\u1eadm\u201d \u201cgi\u1ea3m \u0111\u1ed9t bi\u1ebfn\u201d k\u00e8m theo l\u00e0 c\u00e1c con s\u1ed1 d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3.<\/p>\n

     V\u1ec1 nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t t\u1ed5ng qu\u00e1t:<\/strong><\/h3>\n

     C\u1ea7n d\u00f9ng c\u00e1c t\u1eeb di\u1ec5n \u0111\u1ea1t s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nh\u01b0: \u201cph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n nhanh\u201d, \u201cph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ch\u1eadm\u201d, \u201cph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh\u201d, \u201cph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh\u201d, \u201cph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ec1u\u201d, \u201cc\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ch\u00eanh l\u1ec7ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng\u201d\u2026<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

     S\u00e1ng ki\u1ebfn kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a c\u00f4 \u0110inh Th\u1ecb Thanh Huy\u1ec1n (Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ba V\u00ec – H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i) \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp bi\u1ec3u \u0111\u1ed3 m\u00f4n \u0110\u1ecba l\u00fd… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1024,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8,9],"tags":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/onthitot.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1023"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/onthitot.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/onthitot.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/onthitot.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/onthitot.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1023"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/onthitot.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1023\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/onthitot.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/1024"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/onthitot.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1023"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/onthitot.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1023"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/onthitot.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1023"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}