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{"id":10275,"date":"2018-09-16T16:34:26","date_gmt":"2018-09-16T09:34:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/onthitot.com\/?p=10275"},"modified":"2018-09-16T16:35:44","modified_gmt":"2018-09-16T09:35:44","slug":"cac-bai-tap-ve-este-thuong-gap","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/onthitot.com\/cac-bai-tap-ve-este-thuong-gap\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 este th\u01b0\u1eddng g\u1eb7p"},"content":{"rendered":"M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 este gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n c\u1ee7ng c\u1ed1 l\u1ea1i nh\u1eefng ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c \u0111\u00e3 h\u1ecdc trong ch\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh. N\u00e2ng cao ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n hi\u1ec3u v\u00e0 \u00f4n t\u1eadp t\u1ed1t h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n
1\/ Tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 este<\/h2>\nD\u1ea1ng b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 este x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o<\/h3>\n
C\u00e2u 1. <\/strong>Cho Benzyl axetat l\u00e0 1 este c\u00f3 m\u00f9i th\u01a1m hoa nh\u00e0i. V\u1eady c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a benzyl axetat l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n- C6<\/sub>H5<\/sub>-COO-CH3<\/sub><\/li>\n
- CH3<\/sub>-COO-CH2<\/sub>-C6<\/sub>H5<\/sub><\/li>\n
- CH3<\/sub>-COO-C6<\/sub>H5<\/sub><\/li>\n
- C6<\/sub>H5<\/sub>-CH2<\/sub>-COO-CH3<\/sub><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
C\u00e2u 2. <\/strong>Trong c\u00e1c este sau este n\u00e0o khi th\u1ee7y ph\u00e2n trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng ki\u1ec1m s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra 2 mu\u1ed1i h\u1eefu c\u01a1 ?<\/p>\n\n- C6<\/sub>H5<\/sub>COOCH2<\/sub>CH=CH2<\/sub>.<\/li>\n
- CH2<\/sub>=CHCH2<\/sub>COOC6<\/sub>H5<\/sub>.<\/li>\n
- CH3<\/sub>COOCH=CHC6<\/sub>H5<\/sub>.<\/li>\n
- C6<\/sub>H5<\/sub>CH2<\/sub>COOCH=CH2<\/sub>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
C\u00e2u 3. <\/strong>\u00a0Cho h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t X c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u00e0 C4<\/sub>H6<\/sub>O2<\/sub>. Th\u1ee7y ph\u00e2n X \u00a0ta thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c 1 axit Y v\u00e0 1 an\u0111ehit Z. Khi Oxi h\u00f3a Z ta thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Y. Khi tr\u00f9ng h\u1ee3p X cho ra 1 polime. V\u1eady c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a X l\u00e0<\/p>\n\n- HCOOC3<\/sub>H5<\/sub>.<\/li>\n
- C2<\/sub>H3<\/sub>COOCH3<\/sub>.<\/li>\n
- CH3<\/sub>COOC2<\/sub>H3<\/sub>.<\/li>\n
- C3<\/sub>H5<\/sub>COOH.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
C\u00e2u 4. <\/strong>Lo\u1ea1i este n\u00e0o sau \u0111\u00e2y khi th\u1ee7y ph\u00e2n cho h\u1ed7n h\u1ee3p 2 ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 \u00a0v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec1u tham gia ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tr\u00e1ng b\u1ea1c ?<\/p>\n\n- CH3<\/sub>COOC2<\/sub>H5<\/sub>.<\/li>\n
- CH3<\/sub>COOCH=CH2<\/sub>.<\/li>\n
- HCOOCH2<\/sub>CH=CH2<\/sub>.<\/li>\n
- HCOOCH=CH-CH3<\/sub>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
C\u00e2u 5. <\/strong>C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed c\u1ee7a ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 X l\u00e0 C4<\/sub>H6<\/sub>O2<\/sub>, bi\u1ebft: mu\u1ed1i Y<\/em>\u00a0.<\/strong>\u00a0vi\u1ebft c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a X l\u00e0 :<\/p>\n\n- CH2<\/sub>=CH-CH2<\/sub>-COOH.<\/li>\n
- CH2<\/sub>=CHCOOCH3<\/sub>.<\/li>\n
- HCOOCH2<\/sub>\u2013CH=CH2<\/sub>.<\/li>\n
- CH3<\/sub>COOCH=CH2<\/sub>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
C\u00e2u 6. <\/strong>M\u1ed9t ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 X c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u00e0 C4<\/sub>H6<\/sub>O2<\/sub>Cl2<\/sub>. Cho \u00a0X ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch NaOH ta thu \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c HO-CH2<\/sub>-COONa, etylenglicol v\u00e0 NaCl. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a X l\u00e0<\/p>\n\n- CH2<\/sub>Cl-COO-CHCl-CH3<\/sub>.<\/li>\n
- CH3<\/sub>-COO-CHCl-CH2<\/sub>Cl.<\/li>\n
- CHCl2<\/sub>-COO-CH2<\/sub>CH3<\/sub>.<\/li>\n
- CH2<\/sub>Cl-COO-CH2<\/sub>-CH2<\/sub>Cl.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
<\/p>\n
C\u00e2u 7.<\/strong>\u00a0Cho 2 este X, Y l\u00e0 d\u1eabn xu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a benzen, X,Y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u00e0 C9<\/sub>H8<\/sub>O2<\/sub>; X v\u00e0 Y \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng c\u1ed9ng h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi Brom v\u1edbi t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 mol 1:1. Khi X t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch NaOH cho 1 mu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 1 an\u0111ehit. Khi Y t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch NaOH d\u01b0 t\u1ea1o ra 2 mu\u1ed1i v\u00e0 n\u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c mu\u1ed1i n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i l\u1edbn h\u01a1n ph\u00e2n t\u1eed kh\u1ed1i c\u1ee7ah\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t CH3<\/sub>COONa. T\u00ecm c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a X v\u00e0 Y l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0<\/p>\n\n- HOOC-C6<\/sub>H4<\/sub>-CH=CH2\u00a0<\/sub>v\u00e0 CH2<\/sub>=CH-COOC6<\/sub>H5<\/sub>.<\/li>\n
- C6<\/sub>H5<\/sub>COOCH=CH2<\/sub>v\u00e0 C6<\/sub>H5<\/sub>-CH=CH-COOH.<\/li>\n
- HCOO-C6<\/sub>H4<\/sub>-CH=CH2<\/sub>v\u00e0 HCOOCH=CH-C6<\/sub>H5<\/sub>.<\/li>\n
- C6<\/sub>H5<\/sub>COO-CH=CH2<\/sub>v\u00e0 CH2<\/sub>=CH-COOC6<\/sub>H5<\/sub>.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
C\u00e2u 8. <\/strong>Cho c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t sau : etyl axetat, ancol etylic, axit acrylic, phenol, phenylamoni clorua v\u00e0 \u00a0ancol benzylic,\u00a0p<\/em>-crezol. Trong s\u1ed1 c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t n\u00e0y, c\u00f3 bao nhi\u00eau ch\u1ea5t t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch NaOH l\u00e0<\/p>\n1. 4.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a02. <\/strong>6.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a03. <\/strong>5.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a04. <\/strong>3.<\/p>\nC\u00e2u 9.<\/strong>Cho c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t X l\u00e0 C3<\/sub>H5<\/sub>Br3<\/sub>. Khi cho X t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch NaOH d\u01b0 t\u1ea1o ra 1 h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1p ch\u1ee9c ancol b\u1eadc I v\u00e0 an\u0111ehit. X\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea5u t\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a X:<\/p>\n\n- CH3<\/sub>-CHBr-CHBr2<\/sub>.<\/li>\n
- CH2<\/sub>Br-CH2<\/sub>-CHBr2<\/sub>.<\/li>\n
- CH2<\/sub>Br-CHBr-CH2<\/sub>Br.<\/li>\n
- CH3<\/sub>-CBr2<\/sub>-CH2<\/sub>Br.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
C\u00e2u 10. <\/strong>Cho ba h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t h\u1eefu c\u01a1 m\u1ea1ch h\u1edf l\u00e0 X, Y, Z c\u00f9ng c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed C3<\/sub>H6<\/sub>O2\u00a0<\/sub>v\u00e0 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t: X, Y tham gia ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tr\u00e1ng b\u1ea1c; X, Z t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi dung d\u1ecbch NaOH. V\u1eady c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t X, Y, Z l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n- CH2<\/sub>(OH)-CH2-<\/sub>CHO, C2<\/sub>H5<\/sub>-COOH, CH3<\/sub>-COO-CH3<\/sub>.<\/li>\n
- HCOO-C2<\/sub>H5<\/sub>, CH3<\/sub>-CH(OH)-CHO, OHC-CH2<\/sub>-CHO.<\/li>\n
- CH3<\/sub>-COO-CH3<\/sub>, CH3<\/sub>-CH(OH)-CHO, HCOO-C2<\/sub>H5<\/sub>.<\/li>\n
- HCOO-C2<\/sub>H5<\/sub>, CH3<\/sub>-CH(OH)-CHO, C2<\/sub>H5<\/sub>-COOH.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
<\/h3>\nD\u1ea1ng b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a este<\/h3>\n
C\u00e2u 11. <\/strong>C\u00e2u n\u00e0o sau \u0111\u00e2y\u00a0l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng\u00a0<\/strong>\u0111\u00fang ?<\/p>\n\n- Metyl fomat c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c ph\u00e2n t\u1eed l\u00e0 C2<\/sub>H4<\/sub>O2<\/sub>.<\/li>\n
- Metyl fomat l\u00e0 este c\u1ee7a 1 axit etanoic.<\/li>\n
- Metyl fomat c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 tham gia v\u00e0o ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng tr\u00e1ng b\u1ea1c.<\/li>\n
- Khi thu\u1ef7 ph\u00e2n metyl fomat s\u1ebd t\u1ea1o ra ancol metylic v\u00e0 axit fomic.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
C\u00e2u 12.<\/strong>\u00a0B\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 este khi nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 s\u00f4i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eafp x\u1ebfp theo th\u1ee9 t\u1ef1 t\u0103ng d\u1ea7n ch\u1ecdn \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n \u0111\u00fang<\/p>\n\n- C2<\/sub>H5<\/sub>Cl < CH3<\/sub>COOH < C2<\/sub>H5<\/sub><\/li>\n
- C2<\/sub>H5<\/sub>Cl < CH3<\/sub>COOCH3\u00a0<\/sub>< C2<\/sub>H5<\/sub>OH < CH3<\/sub><\/li>\n
- CH3<\/sub>OH < CH3<\/sub>CH2<\/sub>OH < NH3<\/sub>< HCl.<\/li>\n
- HCOOH < CH3<\/sub>OH < CH3<\/sub>COOH < C2<\/sub>H5<\/sub>F.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
C\u00e2u 13. <\/strong>Cho c\u00e1c ch\u1ea5t: phenol, axit acrylic, axit fomic, metyl axetat l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi Na v\u00e0 dung d\u1ecbch NaOH \u0111un n\u00f3ng. Ta c\u00f3 s\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u1ee9ng x\u1ea3y ra<\/p>\n1. 5 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 \u00a0 2. <\/strong>6.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a03. <\/strong>7.\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a04. <\/strong>8.<\/p>\n