B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft gi\u00fap c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp, c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ho\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i n\u1eafm v\u1eefng c\u00e1c v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 nh\u01b0: kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m dao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a, \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng cho dao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ho\u00e0; \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a dao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ho\u00e0 v\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p dao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i dao \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/p>\n

1\/ \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a dao d\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a<\/h2>\n

M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a v\u1ec1 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a:<\/h3>\n

+ \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a 1:\u00a0<\/em> Dao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t dao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u00f3 qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng v\u00e0 li \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 b\u1edfi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh d\u1ea1ng sin (ho\u1eb7c cos) theo th\u1eddi gian c\u00f3 d\u1ea1ng<\/p>\n

x = Acos(\u03c9t+ \u03c6)<\/p>\n

Trong \u0111\u00f3: A, \u03c9, \u03c6 l\u00e0 c\u00e1c h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1<\/p>\n

X: li \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt<\/p>\n

A: bi\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt hay li \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ea1i (A>0)<\/p>\n

\u03c9: l\u00e0 t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 g\u00f3c c\u1ee7a dao \u0111\u1ed9ng<\/p>\n

\u03c6: l\u00e0 pha ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a dao \u0111\u1ed9ng, tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt<\/p>\n

(\u03c9t+ \u03c6): pha dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m t<\/p>\n

+ \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a 2:<\/em> Dao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt l\u00e0 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng m\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh c\u1ee7a dao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh vi ph\u00e2n sau:<\/p>\n

x”+ \u03c92x = 0<\/p>\n

+ \u0110\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a 3:<\/em> Dao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt d\u01b0\u1edbi t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng c\u1ee7a l\u1ef1c k\u00e9o v\u1ec1 c\u00f3 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ee9c sau:<\/p>\n

F = – k.x\u00a0\u00a0 (k l\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1)<\/p>\n

– \u0110\u1ed3 th\u1ecb c\u1ee7a dao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ec1u ho\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c mi\u00eau t\u1ea3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u00ecnh sin:<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

2\/ B\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a dao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a<\/h2>\n

Dao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u00ecnh chi\u1ebfu c\u1ee7a 1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u00f2n \u0111\u1ec1u xu\u1ed1ng 1 tr\u1ee5c t\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed9 n\u1eb1m trong m\u1eb7t ph\u1eb3ng qu\u1ef9 \u0111\u1ea1o.<\/p>\n

V\u1edbi chu k\u00ec T=2\u03c0\u03c9 (\u03c9 l\u00e0 t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 g\u00f3c)<\/p>\n

Trong \u0111\u00f3:<\/p>\n

Chu k\u00ec c\u1ee7a dao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a T:<\/h3>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m: \u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian ng\u1eafn nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ec3 1 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i dao \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 c\u0169 (l\u00e0 kho\u1ea3ng th\u1eddi gian v\u1eadt th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t dao \u0111\u1ed9ng), k\u00fd hi\u1ec7u chu k\u00ec l\u00e0 T, \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb c\u1ee7a chu k\u00ec l\u00e0 gi\u00e2y (s)<\/p>\n

T\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 g\u00f3c c\u1ee7a dao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a \u03c9:<\/h3>\n

Kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m: L\u00e0 1 \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng trung gian cho ph\u00e9p x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 chu k\u1ef3 c\u1ee7a dao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

T\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng f (Hz): l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng to\u00e0n ph\u1ea7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c trong 1 gi\u00e2y<\/p>\n

Pha dao \u0111\u1ed9ng: L\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cho ph\u00e9p x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i dao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a v\u1eadt t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m b\u1ea5t k\u1ef3. \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng rad.<\/p>\n

(\u03c9t + \u03c6): l\u00e0 pha dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m t.<\/p>\n

\u03c6 : l\u00e0 pha ban \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a dao \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1ea1i th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m t = 0.<\/p>\n

Qua \u0111\u00e2y c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec3u th\u00eam v\u1ec1 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a dao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00f2a c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt, qua \u0111\u00f3 gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng b\u00e0i t\u1eadp v\u1ec1 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ho\u00e0 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft gi\u00fap c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1c b\u00e0i t\u1eadp, c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi tr\u1eafc nghi\u1ec7m l\u00fd thuy\u1ebft v\u1ec1 dao \u0111\u1ed9ng \u0111i\u1ec1u ho\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n ph\u1ea3i… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":10423,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[450,470],"tags":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/onthitot.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10419"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/onthitot.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/onthitot.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/onthitot.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/onthitot.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10419"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/onthitot.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10419\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/onthitot.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10423"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/onthitot.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10419"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/onthitot.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10419"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/onthitot.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10419"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}