Th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o, ThS. \u0110inh \u0110\u1ee9c Hi\u1ec1n, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u sinh Vi\u1ec7n C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, B\u1ed9 C\u00f4ng Th\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ebd h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e1c em ghi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi kh\u00f3\u00a0trong \u0111\u1ec1 thi Sinh h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 di truy\u1ec1n ph\u1ea3 h\u1ec7<\/strong><\/p>\n

B\u00e0i t\u1eadp di truy\u1ec1n ph\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi kh\u00f3\/r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 nh\u1eb1m ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i th\u00ed sinh. \u0110i\u1ec3m kh\u00e1c bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a di truy\u1ec1n ph\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng tr\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadt hay th\u1ef1c v\u1eadt, v\u00ec th\u1ebf b\u00e0i to\u00e1n s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 ki\u1ec3u h\u00ecnh nh\u01b0 ph\u00e9p lai trong b\u00e0i t\u1eadp quy lu\u1eadt di truy\u1ec1n, thay v\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 ki\u1ec3u h\u00ecnh v\u00e0 m\u1ed1i li\u00ean h\u1ec7 gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean trong ph\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 l\u00e0 c\u0103n c\u1ee9 \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft b\u00e0i to\u00e1n.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o \u0110inh \u0110\u1ee9c Hi\u1ec1n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh, kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n khi l\u00e0m b\u00e0i t\u1eadp di truy\u1ec1n ph\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng n\u1eb1m \u1edf t\u00ednh to\u00e1n m\u00e0 m\u1ea5u ch\u1ed1t l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 g\u00e2y nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn. B\u00e0i t\u1eadp di truy\u1ec1n ph\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 trong \u0111\u1ec1 thi c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho d\u01b0\u1edbi 2 h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c: l\u1eddi v\u0103n ho\u1eb7c s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 cho s\u1eb5n, n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 l\u1eddi v\u0103n, c\u00e1ch t\u1ed1t nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 c\u00e1c em n\u00ean v\u1ebd l\u1ea1i n\u00f3 th\u00e0nh s\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed3 ph\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn v\u00e0o nh\u00e1p, n\u1ebfu v\u1ebd sai th\u00ec s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng gi\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u00e0i to\u00e1n c\u00f2n kh\u00f4ng v\u1ebd ra s\u1ebd r\u1ea5t r\u1ed1i b\u1edfi c\u00e1c th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 m\u1ed1i quan h\u1ec7 h\u1ecd h\u00e0ng gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 trong ph\u1ea3 h\u1ec7.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 l\u00e0m t\u1ed1t b\u00e0i t\u1eadp di truy\u1ec1n ph\u1ea3 h\u1ec7, th\u1ea7y \u0110inh \u0110\u1ee9c Hi\u1ec1n l\u01b0u \u00fd 3 ch\u1ee7 \u0111i\u1ec3m ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 h\u1ecdc sinh c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm v\u1eefng, nh\u01b0 sau:<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, Quy lu\u1eadt Mendel v\u1ec1 lai m\u1ed9t c\u1eb7p t\u00ednh tr\u1ea1ng: n\u1eafm v\u1eefng d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u nh\u1eadn bi\u1ebft tr\u1ed9i l\u1eb7n ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n hay kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh tr\u1ea1ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 suy ra alen g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh l\u00e0 alen tr\u1ed9i hay l\u1eb7n, \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecf qua c\u00e1c t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ph\u00e9p lai c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n, c\u00e1c em c\u1ea7n n\u1eafm r\u00f5 nh\u01b0 b\u1ea3ng c\u1eedu ch\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1eady.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 2, Di truy\u1ec1n li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh: <\/strong>C\u00e1c em \u0111\u1ec1u h\u1ecdc r\u1eb1ng n\u1ebfu t\u00ednh tr\u1ea1ng ph\u00e2n b\u1ed1 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u0111\u1ec1u \u1edf hai gi\u1edbi v\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n \u1edf con \u0111\u1ef1c th\u00ec gen quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u00ednh tr\u1ea1ng n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean NST X (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 alen t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng tr\u00ean Y), tu\u00e2n theo quy lu\u1eadt di truy\u1ec1n ch\u00e9o, tuy nhi\u00ean c\u00e1i nh\u1ea7m l\u1eabn hay c\u00e1i b\u1eaby ti\u1ebfp theo n\u1eb1m \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y, v\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi kh\u00f4ng sinh s\u1ea3n nhi\u1ec1u, n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 trong ph\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 \u00edt m\u00e0 c\u00e1c em \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng theo t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ef1c: c\u00e1i r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn sai l\u1ea7m, v\u1eady trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p n\u00e0y d\u1ea5u hi\u1ec7u di truy\u1ec1n ch\u00e9o l\u00e0 tuy\u1ec7t v\u1eddi nh\u1ea5t: gen tr\u00ean X t\u1eeb b\u1ed1 ph\u1ea3i truy\u1ec1n cho con g\u00e1i, gen tr\u00ean X \u1edf con trai t\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadn t\u1eeb m\u1eb9.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu gen g\u00e2y b\u1ec7nh n\u1eb1m tr\u00ean NST gi\u1edbi t\u00ednh Y (kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 alen t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng tr\u00ean X) th\u00ec tu\u00e2n theo quy lu\u1eadt di truy\u1ec1n th\u1eb3ng (di truy\u1ec1nlu\u1eadt t di truy\u1ec1n ch\u00e9o cho 100 % c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 c\u00f3 t\u1ed5 h\u1ee3p ki\u1ec3u gen XY ), th\u01b0\u1eddng th\u00ec d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y \u00edt g\u1eb7p trong \u0111\u1ec1 thi do n\u00f3 qu\u00e1 r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 3,<\/strong> Quy lu\u1eadt di truy\u1ec1n li\u00ean k\u1ebft ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n v\u00e0 ho\u00e1n v\u1ecb gen:<\/strong> b\u00e0i t\u1eadp li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn ph\u1ea7n n\u00e0y \u00edt c\u00f3 trong \u0111\u1ec1 thi h\u01a1n, th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0i s\u1ebd cho t\u00ednh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0o li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi t\u00ednh tr\u1ea1ng n\u00e0o r\u1ed3i, c\u00f2n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 cho kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch gi\u1eefa c\u00e1c gen tr\u00ean NST t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 t\u00ednh t\u1ea7n s\u1ed1 HVG, c\u00e1c em kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i \u0111i ch\u1ee9ng minh, vi\u1ec7c c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 t\u00ecm ki\u1ec3u gen c\u01a1 th\u1ec3 theo y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ec1 b\u00e0i. C\u00e1c em c\u0169ng c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd th\u00eam d\u1ea1ng n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh b\u1ee1 ng\u1ee1 khi \u0111i thi.<\/p>\n

Di truy\u1ec1n ph\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ra d\u01b0\u1edbi 2 d\u1ea1ng b\u00e0i t\u1eadp sau: x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ec3u gen c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 trong ph\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 t\u00ecm x\u00e1c su\u1ea5t ki\u1ec3u gen c\u1ee7a c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 trong ph\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 (c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sinh ra ho\u1eb7c d\u1ef1 \u0111o\u00e1n c\u00e1 th\u1ec3 sinh ra).<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p chung \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3i 2 d\u1ea1ng b\u00e0i t\u1eadp di truy\u1ec1n ph\u1ea3 h\u1ec7 l\u00e0 g\u00ec, tr\u1ea3i qua nh\u1eefng b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 n\u00e0o, m\u1eddi h\u1ecdc sinh \u0111\u00f3n \u0111\u1ecdc \u1edf ph\u1ea7n 2.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Th\u1ea7y gi\u00e1o, ThS. \u0110inh \u0110\u1ee9c Hi\u1ec1n, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u sinh Vi\u1ec7n C\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p Th\u1ef1c ph\u1ea9m, B\u1ed9 C\u00f4ng Th\u01b0\u01a1ng s\u1ebd h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00e1c em ghi \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00e1c c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi kh\u00f3\u00a0trong \u0111\u1ec1 thi… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3515,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[8,75,9],"tags":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/onthitot.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3514"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/onthitot.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/onthitot.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/onthitot.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/onthitot.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3514"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/onthitot.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3514\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/onthitot.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3515"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/onthitot.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3514"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/onthitot.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3514"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/onthitot.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3514"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}