M\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 quan h\u1ec7 trong ti\u1ebfng Anh-Relative Clauses<\/h2>\n

M\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 quan h\u1ec7 (m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00ednh t\u1eeb) b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb quan h\u1ec7: who, whom, which, that, whose hay nh\u1eefng tr\u1ea1ng t\u1eeb quan h\u1ec7: why, where, when. M\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 quan h\u1ec7 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ed5 ngh\u0129a cho danh t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3.<\/p>\n

I. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb quan h\u1ec7:
\n1. WHO:
\n– l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 t\u1eeb trong m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 quan h\u1ec7
\n– thay th\u1ebf cho danh t\u1eeb ch\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi
\n\u2026.. N (person) + WHO + V + O
\n2. WHOM:
\n– l\u00e0m t\u00fac t\u1eeb cho \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb trong m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 quan h\u1ec7
\n– thay th\u1ebf cho danh t\u1eeb ch\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi
\n\u2026..N (person) + WHOM + S + V
\n3. WHICH:
\n– l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 t\u1eeb ho\u1eb7c t\u00fac t\u1eeb trong m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 quan h\u1ec7
\n– thay th\u1ebf cho danh t\u1eeb ch\u1ec9 v\u1eadt
\n\u2026.N (thing) + WHICH + V + O
\n\u2026.N (thing) + WHICH + S + V
\n4. THAT:
\n– c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf cho v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u1ee7a who, whom, which trong m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 quan h\u1ec7 quan h\u1ec7 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh
\n* C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p th\u01b0\u1eddng d\u00f9ng \u201cthat\u201d:
\n– khi \u0111i sau c\u00e1c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c so s\u00e1nh nh\u1ea5t
\n– khi \u0111i sau c\u00e1c t\u1eeb: only, the first, the last
\n– khi danh t\u1eeb \u0111i tr\u01b0\u1edbc bao g\u00f4m c\u1ea3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00e0 v\u1eadt
\n– khi \u0111i sau c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb b\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng: no one, nobody, nothing, anyone, anything, anybody, someone, something, somebody, all, some, any, little, none.
\nEx: He was the most interesting person that I have ever met.
\nIt was the first time that I heard of it.
\nThese books are all that my sister left me.
\nShe talked about the people and places that she had visited.
\n* C\u00e1c tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng that:
\n– trong m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh
\n– sau gi\u1edbi t\u1eeb
\n5. WHOSE: d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ec9 s\u1edf h\u1eefu cho danh t\u1eeb ch\u1ec9 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ho\u1eb7c v\u1eadt, th\u01b0\u1eddng thay cho c\u00e1c t\u1eeb: her, his, their, ho\u1eb7c h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c \u2018s
\n\u2026..N (person, thing) + WHOSE + N + V \u2026.<\/p>\n

II. C\u00e1c tr\u1ea1ng t\u1eeb quan h\u1ec7
\n1. WHY: m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u cho m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 quan h\u1ec7 ch\u1ec9 l\u00fd do, th\u01b0\u1eddng thay cho c\u1ee5m for the reason, for that reason.
\n\u2026..N (reason) + WHY + S + V \u2026
\nEx: I don\u2019t know the reason. You didn\u2019t go to school for that reason.
\n\u2192 I don\u2019t know the reason why you didn\u2019t go to school.
\n2. WHERE: thay th\u1ebf t\u1eeb ch\u1ec9 n\u01a1i ch\u1ed1n, th\u01b0\u1eddng thay cho there
\n\u2026.N (place) + WHERE + S + V \u2026.
\n(WHERE = ON \/ IN \/ AT + WHICH)
\nEx: a\/ The hotel wasn\u2019t very clean. We stayed t that hotel.
\n\u2192 The hotel where we stayed wasn\u2019t very clean.
\n\u2192 The hotel at which we stayed wasn\u2019t very clean.
\n3. WHEN: thay th\u1ebf t\u1eeb ch\u1ec9 th\u1eddi gian, th\u01b0\u1eddng thay cho t\u1eeb then
\n\u2026.N (time) + WHEN + S + V \u2026
\n(WHEN = ON \/ IN \/ AT + WHICH)
\nEx: Do you still remember the day? We first met on that day.
\n\u2192 Do you still remember the day when we first met?
\n\u2192 Do you still remember the day on which we first met?
\nI don\u2019t know the time. She will come back then. \u2192 I don\u2019t know the time when she will come back.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

M\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 quan h\u1ec7 trong ti\u1ebfng Anh<\/em><\/h3>\n

III. C\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i M\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 quan h\u1ec7
\nC\u00f3 hai lo\u1ea1i m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 quan h\u1ec7: m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 quan h\u1ec7 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh.
\nM\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 quan h\u1ec7 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh (Defining relative clauses): l\u00e0 m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh danh t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc n\u00f3. M\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho \u00fd ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a c\u00e2u, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u00f3 c\u00e2u s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi danh t\u1eeb l\u00e0 danh t\u1eeb kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng d\u00f9ng d\u1ea5u ph\u1ea9y ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch n\u00f3 v\u1edbi m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh.
\nM\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng h\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecbnh (Non-defining relative clauses): l\u00e0 m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 cung c\u1ea5p th\u00eam th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi, m\u1ed9t v\u1eadt ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 vi\u1ec7c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh. M\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t thi\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 trong c\u00e2u, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 n\u00f3 c\u00e2u v\u1eabn \u0111\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a. N\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng khi danh t\u1eeb l\u00e0 danh t\u1eeb x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ng\u0103n c\u00e1ch v\u1edbi m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t ho\u1eb7c hai d\u1ea5u ph\u1ea9y (,) hay d\u1ea5u g\u1ea1ch ngang (-)
\nEx: Dalat, which I visited last summer, is very beautiful. (Non-defining relative clause)
\nNote: \u0111\u1ec3 bi\u1ebft khi n\u00e0o d\u00f9ng m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, ta l\u01b0u \u00fd c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m sau:
\n– Khi danh t\u1eeb m\u00e0 n\u00f3 b\u1ed5 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t danh t\u1eeb ri\u00eang
\n– Khi danh t\u1eeb m\u00e0 n\u00f3 b\u1ed5 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ednh t\u1eeb s\u1edf h\u1eefu (my, his, her, their)
\n– Khi danh t\u1eeb m\u00e0 n\u00f3 b\u1ed5 ngh\u0129a la m\u1ed9t danh t\u1eeb \u0111i v\u1edbi this , that, these, those<\/p>\n

IV. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 l\u01b0u \u00fd trong m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 quan h\u1ec7
\n1. N\u1ebfu trong m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 quan h\u1ec7 c\u00f3 gi\u1edbi t\u1eeb th\u00ec gi\u1edbi t\u1eeb c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t tr\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c sau m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 quan h\u1ec7 (ch\u1ec9 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng v\u1edbi whom v\u00e0 which.)
\nEx: Mr. Brown is a nice teacher. We studied with him last year.
\n\u2192 Mr. Brown, with whom we studied last year, is a nice teacher.
\n\u2192 Mr. Brown, whom we studied with last year, is a nice teacher.
\n2. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng which thay cho c\u1ea3 m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc.
\nEx: She can\u2019t come to my birthday party. That makes me sad. \u2192 She can\u2019t come to my birthday party, which makes me sad.
\n3. \u1ede v\u1ecb tr\u00ed t\u00fac t\u1eeb, whom c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c thay b\u1eb1ng who.
\nEx: I\u2019d like to talk to the man whom \/ who I met at your birthday party.
\n4. Trong m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 quan h\u1ec7 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh , ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 b\u1ecf c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb quan h\u1ec7 l\u00e0m t\u00fac t\u1eeb:whom, which.
\nEx: The girl you met yesterday is my close friend. The book you lent me was very interesting.
\n5. C\u00e1c c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng some of, both of, all of, neither of, many of, none of \u2026 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc whom, which v\u00e0 whose.
\nEx: I have two sisters, both of whom are students. She tried on three dresses, none of which fitted her.<\/p>\n

V. C\u00e1ch r\u00fat g\u1ecdn m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 quan h\u1ec7:
\n1. M\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00fat th\u00e0nh c\u1ee5m ph\u00e2n t\u1eeb:
\nM\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 quan h\u1ec7 ch\u1ee9a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb quan h\u1ec7 l\u00e0m ch\u1ee7 t\u1eeb who, which, that c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00fat g\u1ecdn th\u00e0nh c\u1ee5m hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n t\u1eeb (V-ing) ho\u1eb7c qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 ph\u00e2n t\u1eeb (V3\/ed).
\n* N\u1ebfu m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 quan h\u1ec7 l\u00e0 m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec r\u00fat th\u00e0nh c\u1ee5m hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i ph\u00e2n t\u1eeb (V-ing).
\na\/ The man who is standing over there is my father. \u2192 The man standing over there is my father.
\nb\/ The couple who live next door to me are professors. \u2192 The couple living next door to me are professors.
\n* N\u1ebfu m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 quan h\u1ec7 l\u00e0 m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed9ng th\u00ec r\u00fat th\u00e0nh c\u1ee5m qu\u00e1 kh\u1ee9 ph\u00e2n t\u1eeb (V3\/ed). V\u00ed d\u1ee5:
\na\/ The instructions that are given on the front page are very important. \u2192 The instructions given on the front page are very important.
\nb\/ The book which was bought by my mother is interesting. \u2192 The book bought by my mother is interesting.
\n2. M\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00fat th\u00e0nh c\u1ee5m \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean m\u1eabu:
\nM\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 quan h\u1ec7 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c r\u00fat th\u00e0nh c\u1ee5m \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean m\u1eabu (To-infinitive) khi tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb quan h\u1ec7 c\u00f3 c\u00e1c c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb: the first, the second, the last, the only ho\u1eb7ch\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c so s\u00e1nh b\u1eadc nh\u1ea5t. V\u00ed d\u1ee5
\na\/ John was the last person that got the news. \u2192 John was the last person to get the news.
\nb\/ He was the best player that we admire. \u2192 He was the best player to be admired.
\nc\/ He was the second man who was killed in this way. \u2192 He was the second man to be killed in this way.
\nRelative Clauses –<\/p>\n

VI.Which Or That?<\/p>\n

D\u00f9ng which cho m\u00eanh \u0111\u1ec1 quan h\u1ec7 kh\u00f4ng x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1ea5u ph\u1ea9y<\/p>\n

D\u00f9ng that cho m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u00ea quan h\u1ec7 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u01b0\u1edbc d\u1ea5u ph\u1ea9y<\/p>\n

The bananas that I bought on Monday are rotten.
\nThe bananas, which I bought on Monday, are rotten.
\nIn the first case, it\u2019s possible that we have two types of bananas in the house:<\/p>\n

Older bananas that I bought on Monday
\nNewer bananas that I bought on Wednesday<\/p>\n

VII.Gi\u1edbi t\u1eeb v\u00e0 m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 quan h\u1ec7<\/p>\n

V\u00ed d\u1ee5:<\/p>\n

listen to
\nThe music is good. Julie listens to the music.
\n\u2192 The music (which \/ that) Julie listens to is good.<\/p>\n

work with
\nMy brother met a woman. I used to work with the woman.
\n\u2192 My brother met a woman (who \/ that) I used to work with.<\/p>\n

go to
\nThe country is very hot. He went to the country.
\n\u2192 The country (which \/ that) he went to is very hot.<\/p>\n

come from
\nI visited the city. John comes from the city.
\n\u2192 I visited the city (that \/ which) John comes from.<\/p>\n

apply for
\nThe job is well paid. She applied for the job.
\n\u2192 The job (which \/ that) she applied for is well paid.<\/p>\n

Whose<\/p>\n

‘Whose’ l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 ng\u1eef c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb quan h\u1ec7 va kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 l\u01b0\u1ee3c b\u1ecf<\/p>\n

The dog is over there. The dog’s \/ its owner lives next door.
\n\u2192 The dog whose owner lives next door is over there.<\/p>\n

The little girl is sad. The little girl’s \/ her doll was lost.
\n\u2192 The little girl whose doll was lost is sad.<\/p>\n

The woman is coming tonight. Her car is a BMW.
\n\u2192 The woman whose car is a BMW is coming tonight.<\/p>\n

The house belongs to me. Its roof is very old.
\n\u2192 The house whose roof is old belongs to me.<\/p>\n

Where \/ when \/ why<\/p>\n

Th\u1ec9nh tho\u1ea3ng ch\u00fang ta c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb nghi v\u1ea5n thay th\u1ebf cho \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb quan h\u1ec7 v\u00e0 gi\u1edbi t\u1eeb<\/p>\n

I live in a city. I study in the city.<\/p>\n

\u2192 I live in the city where I study.
\n\u2192 I live in the city that \/ which I study in.
\n\u2192 I live in the city in which I study.<\/p>\n

The bar in Barcelona is still there. I met my wife in that bar.<\/p>\n

\u2192 The bar in Barcelona where I met my wife is still there.
\n\u2192 The bar in Barcelona that \/ which I met my wife in is still there.
\n\u2192 The bar in Barcelona in which I met my wife is still there.<\/p>\n

The summer was long and hot. I graduated from university in the summer.<\/p>\n

\u2192 The summer when I graduated from university was long and hot.
\n\u2192 The summer that \/ which I graduated from university in was long and hot.
\n\u2192 The summer in which I graduated was long and hot.<\/p>\n

Tr\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb quan h\u1ec7 trong ti\u1ebfng Anh, c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n tham kh\u1ea3o nh\u00e9, ch\u00fac c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc t\u1ed1t ti\u1ebfng Anh.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

M\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 quan h\u1ec7 trong ti\u1ebfng Anh-Relative Clauses M\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 quan h\u1ec7 (m\u1ec7nh \u0111\u1ec1 t\u00ednh t\u1eeb) b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i t\u1eeb quan h\u1ec7: who, whom, which, that, whose hay… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":4853,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[75],"tags":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/onthitot.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4851"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/onthitot.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/onthitot.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/onthitot.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/onthitot.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4851"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/onthitot.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4851\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/onthitot.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/4853"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/onthitot.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4851"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/onthitot.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4851"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/onthitot.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4851"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}