H\u00f3a tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u00ean trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed. H\u00f3a tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u1edf h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t ion \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec7n h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 n\u00f3 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n t\u00edch ion t\u1ea1o th\u00e0nh t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u1ea5y. H\u00f3a tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u1edf h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb, v\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb b\u1eb1ng v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ed9ng h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb do nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 t\u1ea1o \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u1edbi nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c trong h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t. V\u1eady c\u00e1ch t\u00ednh h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o? H\u00f3a tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 c\u00f3 \u00fd ngh\u0129a nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf n\u00e0o trong h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc? B\u00e0i vi\u1ebft d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y c\u1ee7a 60s.edu.vn gi\u00fap b\u1ea1n \u0111\u1ecdc hi\u1ec3u r\u00f5 h\u01a1n v\u1ec1 h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb.<\/p>\n

I. Ho\u00e1 tr\u1ecb m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u00e0o?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

* C\u00e1ch x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1<\/strong><\/h3>\n

+ Quy \u01b0\u1edbc: H ho\u00e1 tr\u1ecb I , ch\u1ecdn l\u00e0m \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb v\u00e0 O c\u00f3 h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb II
\n+ M\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eed nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi bao nhi\u00eau nguy\u00ean t\u1eed H th\u00ec n\u00f3i nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ho\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 b\u1ea5y nhi\u00eau.
\nV\u00ed d\u1ee5 : HCl: Cl ho\u00e1 tr\u1ecb I.
\nCH4: C …………IV
\nNH3:N ………..III
\nH2O:O…………II
\n+ T\u00ednh s\u1ed1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed O.(O c\u00f3 ho\u00e1 tr\u1ecb II; Ho\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a oxi b\u1eb1ng 2 \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb )
\nV\u00ed d\u1ee5: K2O: K c\u00f3 ho\u00e1 tr\u1ecb I.
\nBaO: Ba …………..II.
\nSO2: S ………………IV.
\n– Ho\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nh\u00f3m nguy\u00ean t\u1eed (NH3, CO3….)
\nV\u00ed d\u1ee5: HNO3: NO3c\u00f3 ho\u00e1 tr\u1ecb I.
\nV\u00ec :Li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi 1 nguy\u00ean t\u1eed H.
\nHOH : OH ……………..I
\nH2SO4: SO4 c\u00f3 ho\u00e1 tr\u1ecb II.
\nH3PO4: PO4…………….III.
\n* K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn: Ho\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 bi\u1ec3u th\u1ecb kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng li\u00ean k\u1ebft c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1eed nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y v\u1edbi c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eed nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

II. Quy t\u1eafc ho\u00e1 tr\u1ecb<\/strong><\/h2>\n

1.Quy t\u1eafc h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb<\/strong><\/h3>\n

*CTTQ: AxBy trong \u0111\u00f3 ax = by
\nx,y,a,b l\u00e0 s\u1ed1 nguy\u00ean
\n*Quy t\u1eafc: Trong c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc t\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng t\u00edch c\u1ee7a h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb v\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 s\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 kia
\nQuy t\u1eafc n\u00e0y v\u1eabn \u0111\u00fang cho c\u1ea3 B l\u00e0 nh\u00f3m nguy\u00ean t\u1eed.<\/p>\n

2.V\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng b\u00e0i t\u1eadp h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb<\/strong><\/h3>\n

a.T\u00ednh ho\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1:
\nZnCl2: 1.a= 2.I => a= II
\nCuCl2: 1.a = 2.I => a= II
\nAlCl3: 1.a= 3.I => a = III
\nb.T\u00ednh ho\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 sau:
\n* V\u00ed d\u1ee5: T\u00ecm ho\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Al trong c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t sau: AlCl3 (Cl c\u00f3 ho\u00e1 tr\u1ecb I).
\n– G\u1ecdi ho\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a nh\u00f4m l\u00e0 a: 1.a = 3.I
\nFeCl : a = II
\nMgCl 2: a = II
\nP2O5 :2.a = 5.II \u00aea = V.
\nNa2SO3 : a = I
\nCaCO3 : a = II (CO3 = II).
\n* Nh\u1eadn x\u00e9, ta lu\u00f4n c\u00f3:
\na.x = b.y = BSCNN.
\nc.L\u1eadp CTHH c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t theo ho\u00e1 tr\u1ecb:
\n* VD2 : Na(SO4)y
\nCTHH : Na2SO4.
\n* VD1: CTTQ: SxOy
\nTheo quy t\u1eafc: x . VI = y. II = 6.
\nV\u1eady : x = 1; y = 3.
\nC\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: SO3<\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

III. B\u00c0I T\u1eacP \u00c1P D\u1ee4NG H\u00d3A TR\u1eca C\u1ee6A NGUY\u00caN T\u1ed0<\/strong><\/h2>\n

B\u00e0i 1: T\u00ecm c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t sau
\nPxHy : PH3.
\nFexOy: Fe2O3.
\nCxSy : CS2.
\nB\u00e0i 2: L\u1eadp c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc c\u1ee7a h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t t\u1ea1o b\u1edfi Nito IV v\u00e0 oxi
\nB\u00e0i gi\u1ea3i
\n– Gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n l\u1eadp l\u00e0 NxOy.
\n– Theo qui t\u1eafc h\/tr\u1ecb:
\na. x = b . y -> x . IV = y . II
\n– Chuy\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh t\u1ec9 l\u1ec7: x\/y=1\/2
\n– C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n l\u1eadp l\u00e0: NO2
\nB\u00e0i 3: L\u1eadp CTHH c\u1ee7a h\/c g\u1ed3m:
\nNh\u00f4m (III) v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m SO4 (II)
\nKa li (I) v\u00e0 nh\u00f3m (CO3) (II)
\nB\u00e0i gi\u1ea3i
\na.- Vi\u1ebft C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c h\u00f3a h\u1ecdc: Kx(CO3)y
\n– Theo qui t\u1eafc h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb: x . I = y . II
\n– V\u1eady C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm l\u00e0: K2CO3
\nb.
\n\u2013Vi\u1ebft c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c chung : Alx(SO4)y
\n– Theo quy t\u1eafc h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb ta c\u00f3 : x . III = y . II
\n=> x\/y = 2\/3
\n– V\u1eady c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c c\u1ea7n t\u00ecm: Al2(SO4)3
\nB\u00e0i 4. T\u00ednh h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a C trong h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t CO2 v\u00e0 CO.
\n* CO2
\nTheo quy t\u1eafc h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb ta c\u00f3: 1 . a = 2 . II
\n=> a = IV
\nV\u1eady C c\u00f3 h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb II trong h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t CO2
\n* CO
\nTheo quy t\u1eafc h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb: 1 . a = 1 . II
\n=> a = II
\nV\u1eady C c\u00f3 h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb II trong h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t CO
\nB\u00e0i 5: T\u00ecm h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Nito trong N2O5
\nTheo quy t\u1eafc h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb: 2 . a = 5. II
\n=> a = 10 \/ 2 = V
\nV\u1eady N c\u00f3 h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb V trong N2O5
\nB\u00e0i t\u1eadp 6: T\u00ecm h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a Fe trong FeSO4 v\u00e0 Fe2(CO3)3 v\u1edbi SO4(II), CO3 (II)
\n* Fe2(CO3)3
\nTheo quy t\u1eafc h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb: 2 . a = 3 . II
\n=> a = 6 \/ 2 = III
\nV\u1eady Fe c\u00f3 h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb III trong Fe2(CO3)3
\n* FeSO4
\nTheo quy t\u1eafc h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb: 1 . a = 1 . II
\n=> a = II
\nV\u1eady Fe c\u00f3 h\u00f3a tr\u1ecb II trong h\u1ee3p ch\u1ea5t FeSO4<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

H\u00f3a tr\u1ecb l\u00e0 c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 li\u00ean k\u1ebft m\u00e0 m\u1ed9t nguy\u00ean t\u1eed c\u1ee7a nguy\u00ean t\u1ed1 \u0111\u00f3 li\u00ean k\u1ebft n\u00ean trong ph\u00e2n t\u1eed. H\u00f3a tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[430,416,407],"tags":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/onthitot.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8101"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/onthitot.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/onthitot.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/onthitot.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/onthitot.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8101"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/onthitot.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8101\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/onthitot.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8101"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/onthitot.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8101"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/onthitot.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8101"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}