\u0110\u1ec1 b\u00e0i:<\/strong> Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u1edbn lao, trang tr\u1ecdng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam tr\u01b0\u1edbc nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n trong n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp l\u00e0 t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u00e1p l\u00ed, gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt cao. Anh (ch\u1ecb) h\u00e3y ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m r\u00f5 c\u00e1c gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb \u0111\u00f3 c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n.<\/em><\/p>\n

B\u00e0i v\u0103n m\u1eabu<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u0103n ch\u00ednh lu\u1eadn c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb ho\u1eb7c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng qua t\u1eebng ch\u1eb7ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ecbch s\u1eed tr\u1ecdng \u0111\u1ea1i v\u00e0 Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n l\u1edbn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c B\u00e1c vi\u1ebft ra \u0111\u1ec3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 tr\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f4ng lu\u1eadn trong v\u00e0 ngo\u00e0i n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. B\u1ea3n tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eb7t: gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u1ecbch s\u1eed t\u01a1 l\u01a1n; gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ph\u00e1p l\u00ed v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc; gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u00e0 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt cao.<\/p>\n

Khi B\u00e1c H\u1ed3 \u0111\u1ecdc Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp t\u1ea1i qu\u1ea3ng tr\u01b0\u1eddng Ba \u0110\u00ecnh, \u1edf mi\u1ec1n Nam, th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p n\u1ea5p sau qu\u00e2n \u0111\u1ed9i Anh (thay m\u1eb7t qu\u00e2n \u0110\u1ed3ng minh v\u00e0o gi\u1ea3i qu\u00e2n Nh\u1eadt ) \u0111ang ti\u1ebfn v\u00e0o \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng c\u00f2n \u1edf ph\u00eda B\u1eafc, b\u1ecdn T\u00e0u T\u01b0\u1edfng, tay sai c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c M\u1ef9 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1ef1c s\u1eb5n \u1edf bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi. Trong n\u01b0\u1edbc, b\u1ecdn ph\u1ea3n \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u00ecm c\u00e1ch ng\u00f3c \u0111\u1ea7u d\u1eady h\u00f2ng l\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed5 ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng. NG\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft b\u1ea3n tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n c\u0169ng th\u1eeba hi\u1ec3u r\u1eb1ng: “M\u1eabu thu\u1eabn gi\u1eefa Anh – M\u1ef9- Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 Li\u00ean X\u00f4 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 l\u00e0m cho Anh v\u00e0 M\u1ef9 nh\u00e2n nh\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1edbi Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ec3 cho Ph\u00e1p tr\u1edf lai \u0110\u00d4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng (Nh\u1eadn \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a \u0110\u1ea3ng trong H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb to\u00e0n qu\u1ed1c ng\u00e0y 15 th\u00e1ng 8 n\u0103m 1945)<\/p>\n

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C\u0169ng trong th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u00f3, H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb T\u00ea-h\u00ea-r\u0103ng v\u00e0 Xanh Fr\u0103ng-xc\u00f4 g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eafng tr\u1eadn thu\u1ed9c phe \u0111\u1ed3ng minh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c nh\u1eb1m chia l\u1ea1i thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba sau chi\u1ebfn th\u1eafng ph\u00e1t x\u00edt. H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb giao \u01b0\u1edbc, c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eafng tr\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i cai tr\u1ecb c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba, c\u00f2n c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a phe Ph\u00e1t x\u00edt th\u00ec qu\u00e2n \u0110\u1ed3ng minh s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3i ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 giao quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 tr\u00ec cho n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ec3 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho cu\u1ed9c x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u00e3 tung ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc d\u01b0 lu\u1eadn qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf nh\u1eefng l\u00ed l\u1ebd “h\u00f9ng h\u1ed3n” c\u1ee7a b\u1ecdn \u0103n c\u01b0\u1edbp r\u1eb1ng: \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1ed1n l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p, Ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 c\u00f4ng “khai h\u00f3a”, nay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 l\u1ebd \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng nhi\u00ean. Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1eeb m\u00f9a thu n\u0103m 1940, Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt, \u0111i\u1ec1u \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1eafng tr\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, b\u1ea3n tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ecdc tr\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ed3ng bao v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi chung chung, tr\u1eebu t\u01b0\u1ee3ng, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ec3 tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch gi\u1ea3n \u0111\u01a1n. \u0110\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft l\u00e0 b\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c (Anh- Ph\u00e1p – M\u1ef9), \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ebft l\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p, k\u1ebb \u0111ang l\u0103m le tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u01b0\u1edbc ta. S\u1ef1 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u0169ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb nh\u1eb1m b\u00e1c b\u1ecf lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ecdn x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c.<\/p>\n

Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u00f3 b\u1ed1 c\u1ee5c hai ph\u1ea7n r\u00f5 r\u1ec7t: Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn nh\u1eb1m b\u00e1c b\u1ecf lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p, tri\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ec3 ph\u1ee7 nh\u1eadn m\u1ecdi d\u00ednh l\u00edu c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p t\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam. \u0110\u00e2y ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u00e1p l\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n c\u1ee7a tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n. Ph\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 hai l\u00e0 n\u1ed9i dung tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n h\u01b0\u1edbng t\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed1i t\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m s\u1eaft \u0111\u00e1 c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n th\u1ec3 d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

M\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ea3n tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam, B\u00e1c l\u1ea1i d\u1eabn l\u1eddi rong hai b\u1ea3n tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p. N\u1ed9i dung nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi tr\u00edch d\u1eabn l\u00e0 kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh quy\u1ec1n b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng, quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do, quy\u1ec1n s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n m\u01b0u c\u1ea7u h\u1ea1nh ph\u00fac c\u1ee7a m\u1ed7i c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng quy\u1ec1n hi\u1ec3n nhi\u00ean, t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu v\u00e0 b\u1ea5t kh\u1ea3 x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, c\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u00e1p l\u00ed c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do, b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ee9ng tr\u00ean quan \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ea5y m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i v\u1edbi b\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft, c\u00e1ch n\u00f3i, c\u00e1ch vi\u1ebft c\u1ee7a B\u00e1c v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o v\u00e0 ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft. Kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o \u1edf ch\u1ed7: kh\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ecbnh quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta b\u1eb1ng ch\u00ednh nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi l\u1ebd c\u1ee7a t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean ng\u01b0\u1eddi M\u1ef9, ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p, hai b\u1ea3n tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 t\u1eebng l\u00e0m v\u1ebb vang cho truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng, v\u0103n hoa c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u1ea5y. Trong \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i, c\u00f3 tr\u1ecdng ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1eddi m\u1edbi tr\u1ecdng ta, c\u00e1ch m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u c\u1ee7a B\u00e1c nh\u01b0 v\u1eady l\u00e0 r\u1ea5t kh\u00e9o.<\/p>\n

Kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o m\u00e0 v\u1eabn r\u1ea5t ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft v\u00ec qua \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ec3 nh\u1eafc nh\u1edf h\u1ecd \u0111\u1eebng ph\u1ea3n b\u1ed9i t\u1ed5 ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, \u0111\u1eebng l\u00e0m v\u1ea5y b\u00f9n l\u00ean l\u00e1 c\u1edd nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u0129 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a n\u01b0\u1edbc Ph\u00e1p, n\u01b0\u1edbc M\u1ef9 n\u1ebfu nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh ti\u1ebfn qu\u00e2n x\u00e2m l\u01b0\u1ee3c Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n

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M\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u b\u1ea3n Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u00e0 nh\u1eafc \u0111\u1ebfn hai b\u1ea3n tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a hai n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1edbn c\u0169ng c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t ba cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng ngang h\u00e0ng nhau, b\u00e0 n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp ngang h\u00e0ng nhau, b\u00e0 b\u1ea3n tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n ngang h\u00e0ng nhau. H\u01a1n n\u1eefa, v\u00e0o th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1ea5y (1945), tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi c\u00f3 r\u1ea5t \u00edt n\u01b0\u1edbc, \u00edt ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 bi\u1ebft \u0111\u1ebfn Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Cho n\u00ean n\u1ebfu ta \u0111\u01b0a ra m\u1ed9t b\u1ea3n tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn ho\u00e0n to\u00e0n c\u1ee7a ta (cho d\u00f9 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00e1nh th\u00e9p \u0111i n\u1eefa) th\u00ec t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng th\u00f4ng \u0111i\u1ec7p v\u1edbi c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ch\u1eafc ch\u1eafn s\u1ebd b\u1ecb h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. Th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u00e3 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n c\u1ee7a M\u1ef9 v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00ed g\u00ec l\u1ea1i kh\u00f4ng th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1ch l\u00e0m n\u00e0y c\u1ee7a B\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng ho\u00e0ng b\u01b0\u1edbc l\u00ean v\u0169 \u0111\u00e0i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch k\u00edn \u0111\u00e1o h\u01a1n, Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a B\u00e1c d\u01b0\u1eddng nh\u01b0 mu\u1ed1n g\u1ee3i l\u1ea1i ni\u1ec1m t\u1ef1 h\u00e0o c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 B\u00ecnh Ng\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00e1o n\u0103m x\u01b0a khi \u00f4ng m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m b\u1ea5t h\u1ee7 n\u00e0y b\u1eb1ng hai v\u1ec1 c\u00e2n x\u1ee9ng:<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb Tri\u1ec7u, \u0110inh, L\u00fd, Tr\u1ea7n bao \u0111\u1eddi g\u00e2y n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp
\nC\u00f9ng H\u00e1n, \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng, T\u1ed1ng, Nguy\u00ean m\u1ed7i b\u00ean x\u01b0ng \u0111\u1ebf m\u1ed9t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng”<\/p>\n

Th\u1ef1c ch\u1ea5t, \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 l\u00e0 chuy\u1ec7n kh\u00f4n kh\u00e9o, m\u00e0 c\u00f2n l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf: C\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng th\u00e1n T\u00e1m c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1ea3i quy\u1ebft \u0111\u00fang nh\u1eefng nhi\u1ec7m v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a hai cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng: M\u1ef9 (1776) v\u00e0 Ph\u00e1p (1789)<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a B\u00e1c n\u00f3i r\u00f5: “D\u00e2n ta \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5 xi\u1ec1ng x\u00edch th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n g\u1ea7n 100 n\u0103m nay \u0111\u1ec3 g\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng n\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp”. \u0110\u00f3 c\u0169ng l\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u \u0111\u1eb7t ra cho cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng M\u1ef9: \u0111\u1ea5u tranh gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c B\u1eafc M\u1ef9 ra kh\u1ecfi \u00e1ch th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Anh.<\/p>\n

B\u1ea3n tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n c\u1ee7a B\u00e1c vi\u1ebft: “D\u00e2n ta l\u1ea1i \u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5 ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 qu\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 m\u1ea5y m\u01b0\u01a1i th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 m\u00e0 l\u1eadp n\u00ean ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 c\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a”- d\u1ea5y c\u0169ng l\u00e0 tinh th\u1ea7n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n, d\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n Ph\u00e1p th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XVIII.<\/p>\n

Ph\u1ea7n suy r\u1ed9ng ra c\u1ee7a B\u00e1c:” T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi \u0111\u1ec1u sinh ra b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng. D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c n\u00e0o c\u0169ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n s\u1ed1ng, quy\u1ec1n sung s\u01b0\u1edbng, v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do”. B\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 n\u00e2ng quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, quy\u1ec1n c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n th\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3p \u0111\u1ea7y \u00fd ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u00f2ng tr\u00e0o gi\u1ea3i ph\u00f3ng d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi. M\u1ed9t nh\u00e0 v\u0103n h\u00f3a n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u00e3 vi\u1ebft: “C\u1ed1ng hi\u1ebfn n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5 H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e0 \u1edf ch\u1ed7 Ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a con ng\u01b0\u1eddi th\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n l\u1eddi c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 m\u1ecdi d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ec1u c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u1ea5y v\u1eadn m\u1ec7nh c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh” ( H\u1ed3 Ch\u1ee7 T\u1ecbch trong l\u00f2ng d\u00e2n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi – NXB S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i, 1979)<\/p>\n

Nhu v\u1eady, c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 xem lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec3m “suy r\u1ed9ng ra” c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e0 ph\u00e1t s\u00fang l\u1ec7nh kh\u1edfi \u0111\u1ea7u cho b\u00e3o t\u00e1p c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng \u1edf c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba, b\u00e1o hi\u1ec7u s\u1ef1 s\u1ee5p \u0111\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 ngh\u0129a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n tr\u00ean kh\u1eafp th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi v\u00e0o n\u1eeda sau th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 XX.<\/p>\n

Khi tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n \u0110\u1ed9c l\u1eadp ra \u0111\u1eddi, k\u1ebb th\u00f9 tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 nguy hi\u1ec3m \u0111e d\u1ecda n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c l\u00e0 th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p. \u0110\u1ea9y l\u00f9i nguy c\u01a1 \u1ea5y s\u1ebd l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh v\u0169 trang l\u00e2u d\u00e0i. Cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn n\u00e0y r\u1ea5t c\u1ea7n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9. Mu\u1ed1n v\u1eady, ph\u1ea3i x\u00e1c l\u1eadp c\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u00e1p l\u00ed c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn, ph\u1ea3i n\u00eau cao ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a, d\u00f9ng ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eadp tan lu\u1eadn \u0111i\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a b\u1ecdn \u0111\u1ebf qu\u1ed1c. C\u00f3 nh\u01b0 v\u1eady m\u1edbi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i ti\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed3ng t\u00ecnh \u1ee7ng h\u1ed9.<\/p>\n

B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh c\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u00e1p l\u00ed l\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra nh\u1eefng d\u1eabn ch\u1ee9ng th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1ea1ch ra t\u1ed9i th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p. Th\u1ee9 nh\u1ea5t, th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p k\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng “khai h\u00f3a” Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u00ec B\u00e1c \u0111\u00e3 l\u00ean \u00e1n ch\u00fang tr\u00ean m\u1ecdi ph\u01b0\u01a1ng di\u1ec7n (ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, kinh t\u1ebf, v\u0103n h\u00f3a):” th\u1ee7 ti\u00eau m\u1ecdi quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do, d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7, chia r\u1ebd ba k\u00ec, t\u1eafm m\u00e1u c\u00e1c phong tr\u00e0o y\u00eau n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng, thi h\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh s\u00e1ch ngu d\u00e2n, \u0111\u1ea7u \u0111\u1ed9c b\u1eb1ng thu\u1ed1c phi\u1ec7n, r\u01b0\u1ee3u c\u1ed3n, b\u00f3c l\u1ed1t v\u00e0 l\u00e0m b\u1ea7n c\u00f9ng h\u00f3a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n, g\u00e2y ra n\u1ea1n \u0111\u00f3i kh\u1ee7ng khi\u1ebfp… h\u01a1n hai tri\u1ec7u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ch\u1ebf \u0111\u00f3i…” T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p tr\u00e1i h\u1eb3n v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a. B\u1ea3n tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 k\u1ebft t\u1ed9i th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p b\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 ch\u1ed1i c\u00e3i.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 hai, Th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p k\u1ec3 c\u00f4ng “b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9” Vi\u1ec7t Nam th\u00ec b\u00e1c n\u00eau r\u00f5: th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p kh\u00f4ng nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Vi\u1ec7t Nam m\u00e0 c\u00f2n “trong v\u00f2ng 5 n\u0103m ch\u00fang \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1n n\u01b0\u1edbc ta hai l\u1ea7n cho Nh\u1eadt”. H\u01a1n c\u1ea3 nhu v\u1eady, khi thua ch\u1ea1y sau cu\u1ed9c bi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ed9ng ng\u00e0y 9-3 (Nh\u1eadt \u0111\u1ea3o ch\u00ednh Ph\u00e1p), ch\u00ednh Vi\u1ec7t Minh \u0111\u00e3 c\u1ee9u gi\u00fap nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi Ph\u00e1p, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 c\u1ea3 t\u00ednh m\u1ea1ng v\u00e0 t\u00e0i s\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a h\u1ecd. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf m\u00e0 ai c\u0169ng bi\u1ebft. V\u1eady th\u00ec ai “b\u1ea3o h\u1ed9”ai?<\/p>\n

Th\u1ee9 ba, th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p lu\u00f4n tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p, Ph\u00e1p c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i \u0110\u00f4ng D\u01b0\u01a1ng. B\u00e1c v\u1ea1ch r\u00f5: “S\u1ef1 th\u1eadt l\u00e0 t\u1eeb m\u00f9a thu 1940, n\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u0111\u00e3 th\u00e0nh thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a Nh\u1eadt ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p n\u1eefa. Khi Nh\u1eadt h\u00e0ng \u0110\u1ed3ng minh, nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u1ea3 n\u01b0\u1edbc ta \u0111\u00e3 n\u1ed5i d\u1eady gi\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n, l\u1eadp n\u00ean n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a.”.<\/p>\n

T\u00f3m l\u1ea1i, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00ed l\u1ebd n\u00e0o cao h\u01a1n s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c h\u01a1n s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt m\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt \u1edf \u0111\u00e2y thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a. B\u1eb1ng nh\u1eefng s\u1ef1 th\u1eadt, nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng c\u1ee9 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf, b\u1ea3n tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n \u0111\u00e3 b\u00e1c b\u1ecf m\u1ecdi d\u1ef1 d\u00ednh l\u00edu c\u1ee7a Ph\u00e1p \u1edf Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n

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D\u1ef1a tr\u00ean nh\u1eefng c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u1eefng ch\u1eafc, ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u1eddi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p, kh\u00f4ng qu\u00ean r\u00e0ng bu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc \u0110\u1ed3ng minh v\u00e0o vi\u1ec7c c\u00f4ng nh\u1eadn quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 quy\u1ebft t\u00e2m c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam trong vi\u1ec7c b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00f9ng n\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. (Xem chi ti\u1ebft \u1edf b\u00e0i tham kh\u1ea3o \u0111\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 3).<\/p>\n

Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb kh\u00f4 khan m\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t \u00e1ng v\u0103n b\u1ea5t h\u1ee7 ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng nh\u1eefng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o s\u00e2u s\u1eafc. C\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u00f2n g\u00ec nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n h\u01a1n khi m\u1ed9t v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb l\u1ea1i b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. Ch\u00fang ta chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u1ea5u hi sinh la v\u00ec l\u1ebd g\u00ec n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u00ec con ng\u01b0\u1eddi?<\/p>\n

T\u1eeb quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, c\u00e1i g\u1ed1c c\u1ee7a t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u00e2n v\u0103n cao \u0111\u1eb9p, B\u00e1c d\u00e3 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n th\u00e0nh quy\u1ec1n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c. B\u1ea3n tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n, v\u00ec th\u1ebf c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n v\u1edbi to\u00e0n nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc thu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111ang b\u1ecb \u00e1p b\u1ee9c, b\u1ecb t\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o\u1ea1t quy\u1ec1n con ng\u01b0\u1eddi, t\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111o\u1ea1t quy\u1ec1n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c.<\/p>\n

Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u00f2n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi l\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1nh th\u00e9p l\u00ean \u00e1n nh\u1eefng t\u1ed9i \u00e1c v\u00f4 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n trong nh\u1eefng l\u1eddi ng\u1ee3i ca s\u1ef1 anh h\u00f9ng b\u1ea5t khu\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam. N\u00eau cao l\u00e1 c\u1edd ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u00e2n l\u00ed, l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i, ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft l\u00ean \u00e1n nh\u1eefng g\u00ec \u0111i ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i l\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i, ch\u00e2n l\u00ed, ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u01b0 t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u00e2n b\u1ea3n v\u1eeba mang t\u00ednh truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u1eeba ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng tinh th\u1ea7n th\u1eddi \u0111\u1ea1i, tinh th\u1ea7n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00f4 s\u1ea3n.<\/p>\n

N\u1ebfu v\u0103n ch\u00ednh lu\u1eadn th\u1eddi x\u01b0a t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng d\u1ebfn ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ed9c c\u1ea3 l\u00ed tr\u00ed v\u00e0 t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3m b\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u1ea7ng t\u1ea7ng, l\u1edbp l\u1edbp th\u00ec v\u0103n ch\u00ednh lu\u1eadn hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu thuy\u1ebft ph\u1ee5c ng\u01b0\u1eddi \u0111\u1ecdc b\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u00ed l\u1ebd, l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd, s\u1eafc b\u00e9n ( nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u1edf ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean). N\u00f3i “ch\u1ee7 y\u1ebfu” b\u1edfi v\u00ec trong Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a B\u00e1c, y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u1ea3m x\u00fac, h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ea9m m\u0129 c\u0169ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t vai tr\u00f2 nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh (s\u1ebd tr\u00ecnh b\u00e0y \u1edf ph\u1ea7n sau).<\/p>\n

Tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh lu\u1eadn hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp l\u00e0 n\u00f3i v\u1ec1 t\u00ednh kh\u00e1i qu\u00e1t c\u1ee7a ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef khoa h\u1ecdc k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi t\u00ednh th\u1eddi s\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng h\u1ed5i. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb h\u1ecdc: “t\u1ef1 do”, “b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng”, “b\u1eafc \u00e1i”, “lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p”,”d\u00e2n ch\u1ee7”,… \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadt ng\u1eef mang t\u00ednh b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u01b0a vao t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec3n khoa h\u1ecdc ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb. D\u00f9ng nh\u1eefng thu\u1eadt ng\u0169 n\u00e0y, H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 mu\u1ed1n n\u00f3i \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng quy lu\u1eadt ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb t\u1ea5t y\u00eau m\u00e0 c\u00f2n v\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng n\u00f3 v\u00e0o tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3, c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft: d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n h\u01b0\u1edfng t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e3 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t n\u01b0\u1edbc t\u1ef1 do, \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp – \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u1ea5t y\u1ebfu l\u1ecbch s\u1eed.<\/p>\n

T\u00ednh ch\u00ednh lu\u1eadn hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n c\u00f2n th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u1edf t\u00ednh th\u1eddi s\u1ef1 n\u00f3ng h\u1ecfi (\u0111\u00e3 ph\u00e2n t\u00edch \u1edf ph\u1ea7n tr\u00ean).<\/p>\n

T\u00ednh tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7 v\u00e0 t\u00ednh chi\u1ebfn \u0111\u00e2u c\u0169ng l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh lu\u1eadn hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i. H\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd c\u1ee7a logic bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng v\u00e0 logic h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

X\u00e9t v\u1ec1 logic bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng th\u00ec l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 tri\u1ec3n khai theo ba b\u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 quan h\u1ec7 bi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9ng ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd. B\u01b0\u1edbc m\u1ed9t n\u00eau c\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u00e1p l\u00ed. Ng\u01b0\u1eddi vi\u1ebft xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb nguy\u00ean l\u00ed c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n v\u1ec1 quy\u1ec1n d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i tho\u1ea1i. B\u01b0\u1edbc hai n\u00eau c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf cho b\u1ea3n tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 t\u1ed9i \u00e1c v\u00f4 nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o v\u00e0 phi ch\u00ednh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p, \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u1eddi n\u00eau th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf \u0111\u1ea5u tranh c\u00e1ch m\u1ea1ng v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 th\u00e0nh l\u1eadp n\u01b0\u1edbc Vi\u1ec7t Nam D\u00e2n ch\u1ee7 C\u1ed9ng h\u00f2a. B\u01b0\u1edbc ba, tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u00e1p l\u00ed v\u00e0 c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n, b\u1ea3n tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0a ra l\u1eddi tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c v\u1ec1 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c v\u00e0 \u00fd ch\u00ed b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam. N\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd trong \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea7n m\u1edf \u0111\u1ea7u la ftieenf \u0111\u1ec1 l\u00ed l\u1ebd, ph\u1ea7n ti\u1ebfp theo l\u00e0 lu\u1eadn c\u1ee9 ch\u1ee9ng minh v\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n cu\u1ed1i l\u00e0 ph\u1ea7n k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn.<\/p>\n

X\u00e9t v\u1ec1 logic h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c th\u00ec Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1ec9nh th\u1ec3 c\u1ee7a ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadn “tam \u0111o\u1ea1n lu\u1eadn” (3 \u0111o\u1ea1n li\u00ean quan ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd trong m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn). \u0110o\u1ea1n 1 v\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n 2 l\u00e0 hai \u0111o\u1ea1n t\u1ea1o c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eddi k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn \u1edf \u0111o\u1ea1n 3 l\u00e0 l\u1eddi k\u1ebft lu\u1eadn mang t\u00ednh t\u1ea5t y\u00eau theo suy lu\u1eadn logic h\u00ecnh th\u1ee9c.<\/p>\n

T\u1eebng \u00fd, t\u1eebng c\u00e2u trong Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u0111\u1ec1u mang tinh th\u1ea7n th\u00e9p. Kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o m\u00e0 ki\u00ean quy\u1ebft, b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t \u00e1ng v\u0103n ch\u00ednh lu\u1eadn kh\u00fac chi\u1ebft, h\u00f9ng h\u1ed3n, H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1eb7n \u0111\u1ee9ng \u00e2m m\u01b0u k\u1ebb th\u00f9, \u0111\u1eb7t c\u01a1 s\u1edf ph\u00e1p l\u00ed v\u1eefng v\u00e0ng cho cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1ea5u tranh v\u0169 trang kh\u00f4ng tr\u00e1nh kh\u1ecfi c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp t\u1ef1 do c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n

Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp ch\u1ee7 y\u00eau s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn, song trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh l\u1eadp lu\u1eadn, c\u00f3 hai h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c n\u1ed5i l\u00ean. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam. Tuy nhi\u00ean \u0111\u00e2y kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u00e2n v\u1eadt trong t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m v\u0103n h\u1ecdc. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng ch\u00ednh lu\u1eadn mang t\u00ednh b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t s\u1ef1 v\u1eadt.<\/p>\n

V\u1ec1 h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t k\u1ebb l\u1eeba l\u1ecdc gian manh m\u00e0 bi\u1ec3u hi\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng, l\u1ee3i d\u1ee5ng ng\u1ecdn c\u1edd t\u1ef1 do, b\u00ecnh \u0111\u1eb3ng \u0111\u1ec3 l\u00e0m nh\u1eefng vi\u1ec7c tr\u00e1i v\u1edbi nh\u00e2n \u0111\u1ea1o, nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n. C\u00e2u v\u0103n H\u1ed3 ch\u00ed Minh vi\u1ebft:” Th\u1ebf m\u00e0 h\u01a1n t\u00e1m m\u01b0\u01a1i n\u0103m nay…” \u0111\u00e3 l\u1ed9t t\u1ea3 r\u00f5 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t \u1ea5y. Th\u1ee9 hai, th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t t\u00ean kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 tham lam, t\u00e0n b\u1ea1o. Bao nhi\u00eau quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n ta l\u1ea7n l\u01b0\u1ee3t b\u1ecb c\u01b0\u1edbp. C\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn 14 l\u1ea7n t\u00e1c gi\u1ea3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng ch\u1eef “ch\u00fang”, ch\u1eef n\u00e0o c\u0169ng g\u1eafn v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t t\u1ed9i \u00e1c c\u1ee7a th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p. t\u1eeb hai n\u00e9t tr\u00ean, m\u1ed9t n\u00e9t th\u1ee9 ba b\u1ea5t ng\u1edd hi\u1ec7n ra. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p hai l\u1ea7n qu\u1ef3 g\u1ed1i d\u00e2ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ta cho Nh\u1eadt. T\u1eeb m\u1ed9t t\u00ean kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 t\u00e0n \u00e1c, gian manh, th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p b\u1ed7ng tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u1ea3m h\u1ea1i, d\u00fam d\u00f3.<\/p>\n

H\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u1ed1i l\u1eadp v\u1edbi th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p. N\u1ebfu th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n Ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc h\u1ecda t\u1eeb l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1ecf th\u00ec ng\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u1ea1i nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c kh\u1eafc h\u1ecda t\u1eeb nh\u1ecf \u0111\u1ebfn l\u1edbn, t\u1eeb y\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ebfn m\u1ea1nh, t\u1eeb k\u1ebb n\u00f4 l\u1ec7 tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh ng\u01b0\u1eddi t\u1ef1 do. Trong nh\u1eefng d\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean c\u1ee7a b\u1ea3n tuy\u00ean ngon, d\u00e2n ta \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 trong t\u00ecnh c\u1ea3nh nh\u1ecf b\u00e9, y\u1ebfu \u1edbt, th\u1ee5 \u0111\u1ed9ng, b\u1ecb ch\u00e9m gi\u1ebft, b\u1ecb b\u00f3c l\u1ed9t, b\u00ec d\u00ecm trong b\u1ec3 m\u00e1u,… k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 l\u00e0 “hai tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ed3ng b\u00e0o ta ch\u1ebft \u0111\u00f3i”. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n v\u1eeba t\u1ec9nh t\u00e1o, v\u1eeba x\u00f3t \u0111au. N\u1ed7i \u0111au \u1ea5y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ee3i l\u00ean qua nh\u1eefng t\u1eeb ng\u1eef nh\u00e2n x\u01b0ng l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i: “ta”, “d\u00e2n ta”,”n\u00f2i gi\u1ed1ng ta”,” \u0111\u1ed3ng bao ta”,”c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 t\u01b0 s\u1ea3n ta”,…<\/p>\n

Trong khi h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00ean th\u1ef1c d\u00e2n kh\u1ed5ng l\u1ed3 ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng teo t\u00f3p, h\u00e8n h\u1eb9 th\u00ec h\u00ecnh t\u01b0\u1ee3ng nh\u00e2n d\u00e2n Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00e0ng l\u1edbn v\u1ee5t l\u00ean. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n r\u00f5 qua c\u00e1ch s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng h\u00e0ng lo\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng t\u01b0 mang t\u00ednh h\u01b0\u1edbng th\u01b0\u1ee3ng:” n\u1ed5i d\u1eady”,”l\u1ea5y l\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc”, “l\u1eadp l\u1ea1i n\u01b0\u1edbc”,”\u0111\u00e1nh \u0111\u1ed5 xi\u1ec1ng x\u00edch”,”gi\u00e0nh ch\u00ednh quy\u1ec1n”,… C\u00e1c t\u1eeb ng\u1eef ng\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u00f9ng nhi\u1ec1u l\u1ea7n t\u1ea1o n\u00ean kh\u00ed th\u1ebf tr\u00f9ng \u0111i\u1ec7p, h\u00e0o h\u00f9ng. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t \u0111o\u1ea1n cu\u1ed1i c\u1ee7a t\u00e1c ph\u1ea9m:” M\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u00e3 gan g\u00f3c… D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u1ef1 do. D\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp”. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111o\u1ea1n v\u0103n v\u1eeba trang tr\u1ecdng v\u1eeba h\u00f9ng h\u1ed3n, v\u1eeba b\u00ecnh d\u1ecb v\u1eeba m\u1ea1nh m\u1ebd. Ch\u1eef “gan g\u00f3c” l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ch\u1eef d\u00f9ng r\u1ea5t hay, v\u1eeba d\u00e2n d\u00e3 v\u1eeba gi\u00e0u bi\u1ec3u t\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u1eeba nhi\u1ec1u ngh\u0129a. Theo Ch\u1ebf Lan Vi\u00ean:” Hai l\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh ch\u1eef “gan g\u00f3c”, b\u1ed1n l\u1ea7n nh\u1ea5n m\u1ea1nh ch\u1eef “d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c” v\u00e0 hai c\u00e2u g\u1ea7n nh\u01b0 l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i theo m\u1eabu “d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c…” mang s\u1ee9c n\u1eb7ng nh\u01b0 nh\u1eefng nh\u00e1t dao ch\u00e9m \u0111\u00e1”.<\/p>\n

Ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta g\u1ecdi “B\u00ecnh ng\u00f4 \u0111\u1ea1i c\u00e1o” c\u1ee7a Nguy\u1ec5n Tr\u00e3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t “\u00e1ng thi\u00ean c\u1ed5 h\u00f9ng v\u0103n”. C\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 n\u00f3i nh\u01b0 th\u1ebf v\u1ec1 Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh. Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p trong m\u1ed9t v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ng\u1eafn g\u1ecdn, trong s\u00e1ng, kh\u00fac chi\u1ebft kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ebf k\u1ec9 \u0111\u1ea5u tranh v\u00ec \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp, t\u1ef1 do, v\u00ec nh\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n, d\u00e2n quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c ta v\u00e0 nh\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i. H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ef1 \u0111\u00e1nh g\u00ed \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 th\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng th\u1ee9 ba khi\u1ebfn Ng\u01b0\u1eddi “th\u1ea5y sung s\u01b0\u01a1ng” trong c\u1ea3 cu\u1ed9c \u0111\u1eddi vi\u1ebft v\u0103n l\u00e0m b\u00e1o d\u00e0y kinh nghi\u1ec7m c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u0110\u1ec1 b\u00e0i: Tuy\u00ean ng\u00f4n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a H\u1ed3 Ch\u00ed Minh l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb l\u1ecbch s\u1eed l\u1edbn lao, trang tr\u1ecdng tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 v\u1ec1 n\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c… <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[450,473],"tags":[],"amp_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/onthitot.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9918"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/onthitot.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/onthitot.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/onthitot.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/onthitot.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9918"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/onthitot.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9918\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/onthitot.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9918"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/onthitot.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9918"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/onthitot.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9918"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}